
(l,lss3)A3Ja2L 



PRESENTED m 



REPORT 



OF 



American Committee 

FOR 

Relief in Ireland 



Treasurer's and Secretary's Office 

51 Chambers Street 
(Emigrant Industrial Savings Bank) 

New York 






TOWARD AMERICA 




©^wcxpono 



FOR RELIEF 



GIFT 
PliBM ' . 



^ A.C.R. I. REPORT 5 
1 CONTENTS. 

D. . PAGE 

President Harding's Endorsement 6 

Vice-President Coolidge's Endorsement 6 

Section I. Memt)ers of the National Executive Committee 7 

Members of the Managing Committee 7 

Members of the National Council A. C. R. 1 8 

' Membeirs of the Irish White Cross 16 

The Late Cardinal Gibbons Appeal for Relief 19 

Members of the A. 'C. R. I. State Committees 20 

Section II. Treasurer's Report 42 

Receipts and Disbursements 42 

State Credits and Quotas 43 

Remittances by A, C. R. I. to Irish White Cross. . 45 

Expenditures by A, C. R. I., Representatives in 

Ireland 46 

Expense Fund Credits 47 

Expenses of National Executive Comanittee 47 

Section III. Origin and History of A, C. R. 1 48 

Letter from Irish Delegation of Plenipotentiaries 
to Representatives of A. C. R. I. on their de- 
parture for America 56 

Section IV. Origin and Personnel of the Irish White Cross .... 57 

Section V. Appeal of A. C. R. I. for Funds 59 

Appeal of The Irish White Cross for Funds 60 

Section VI. Report of the Delegates who visited Ireland in 1921 

to American Committee for Relief in Ireland . . 62 



6 A, C. R. I. REPORT 

PRESIDENT HARDING'S ENDORSEMENT 

"White House, Washington, D. C, March 26, 1921. 

"Hon. Morgan J. O'Brien, 

Chairman Executive Committee for Relief in Ireland, N. Y. C. 

"I wish you the fullest measure of success not only in the great 
benefit performance at the Metropolitan Opera House on April 3rd, 
but in every worthy eflfort to make a becoming contribution on the 
part of our people to relieve distress among the women and children 
in Ireland. The people of America never will be deaf to the call 
for relief in behalf of suffering humanity, and the knowledge of 
distress in Ireland makes quick and deep appeal to the more for- 
tunate of our own land where so many of our citizens trace kinship 
to the Emerald Isle. 

WARREN G. HARDING." 



VICE-PRESIDENT COOLIDGE'S ENDORSEMENT 

Vice-President Coolidge said: 

"With the communication of President Harding wishing suc- 
cess in the eflfort to relieve the distress among women and children 
in Ireland, I am in entire accord. Whenever there has been reason 
to aid suflfering humanity the people of Massachusetts have been 
foremost in their response. They will be especially responsive of 
a race which has contributed so much to the defense and greatness 
of our commonwealth." 



SECTION I. 
SECTION I. 

AMERICAN COMMITTEE FOR RELIEF IN IRELAND 

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 

Chainnan Hon. Morgan J. O'Brien 

Treasurer John J. Pulleyn 

Assistant Treasurer . . Edward J. McPike 

Secretary Hon. Richard Campbell 

Assistant Secretary . . James A. Healy 

♦James Cardinal Gibbons Hon. David I. Walsh 

Thomas F. Ryan Lawrence Godkin 

Nicholas F. Brady John Quinn 

John D. Ryan Hon. James D. Phelan 

Hon. Thomas J. Walsh Martin J. Gillen 

Edward L. Doheny Thomas J. Maloney 

James J. Phelan J. W. McConaughy 

James A. Flaherty William P. Larkin 

Joseph C. Pelletier L. Hollingsworth Wood 
Rt. Rev. M. J. Gallagher, D.D. 



MANAGING COMMITTEE 
Hon. Richard Campbell John J. Pulleyn 

Thomas J. Maloney J. W. McConaughy 

Captain John F. Lucey 



NATIONAL DEPOSITORY 

AND ASSISTANT TREASURER 

Central Union Trust Co. of New York 



National Director 

Captain John F. Lucey 

(March- April, 1921) 



8 A. C. R. I. REPORT 

AMERICAN COMMITTEE FOR RELIEF IN IRELAND 

NATIONAL COUNCIL 

Chairman, Hon. Morgan J. O'Brien 

Honorary Vice-Clmirmen 



Bernard M. Baruch 
Hon. Albert J. Beveridge 
Hon. John J. Blaine, 

Governor of Wisconsin 
George B. Cortelyou 
General Chas. G. Dawes 
Hon. D. VV. Davis, 

Governor of Idaho 
Hon. Josephus Daniels 
Hon. J. M. Dixon, 

Governor of Montana 
Hon. H. L. Davis, 

Governor of Ohio 
Hon. Westmoreland Davis, 

Governor of Virginia 
Franklin K. Lane 
Henry Morgenthau 
Hon. E. p. Morrov^, 

Governor of Kentucky 
Hon. Wm. G. McAdoo 
Hon. Medill McCormick 
Elisabeth Marbury 
Jane Addams 
Charles Nagel 
Hon. J. A, O. Preus, 

Governor of Minnesota 
Hon. Leo M. Russell, 

Governor of Mississippi 
Hon. Patrick M. Neff, 

Governor of Texas 

Hon. Henry J. 



His Eminence James Cardinal 

Gibbons (deceased) 
Hon. Edward I. Edwards, 

Governor of New Jersey 
Haley Fiske 
Hon. L. J. Frazier, 

Governor of North Dakota 
Hon. Alexander J. Groesbeck, 

Governor of Michigan 
Wm. Randolph Hearst 
Hon. a. M. Hyde, 

Governor of Missouri 
His Eminence William Cardinal 

o'connell 
Hon. J. Hartness, 

Governor of Vermont 
Charles H. Ingersoll 
David Starr Jordan 
Hon. Oliver H. Shoup, 

Governor of Colorado 
Henry Watterson 
Hon. Emery J. San Souci, 

Governor of Rhode Island 
Hon. Albert O. Brown, 

Governor of New Hampshire 
Samuel Gompers 
Hon. T. F. Campbell, 

Governor of Arizona 
Hon. Charles R. Mabey, 

Governor of Utah 
Allen, Governor of Kansas 



NATIONAL COUNCIL 

Hon. George Ainslie, Richmond, Va. 

Scott W. Anderson, Salt Lake City, Utah 

W. W. Armstrong, Salt Lake City, Utah 

Rev. Harold G. Arnold, West Roxbury, Mass. 

Nathan Barnert, Paterson, N. J. 

Frank J. Barry, Nogales, Ariz. 

Nicholas F. Brady, New York, N. Y. 

William A. Brady, New York, N. Y. 

Hon. Theodore Brantley, Helena, Mont. 

William P. Breen, Fort Wayne, Ind. 

J. F. Bresnahan, New York, N. Y. 

James A. Broderick, Manchester, N. H. 

W. H. Brophy, Los Angeles, Cal. 

Hugh Henry Brown, Tonepah, Nevada 

James J. Burke, Salt Lake City, Utah 

John Burke, Richmond, Va. 

Patrick E. Burke^ New Orleans, La. 

John A. Burns, St. Paul, Minn. 

James E. Butler, New York, N. Y. 

Pierce Butler, St. Paul, Minn. 

Hon. Donald Callahan, Wallace, Idaho 

Col. p. H. Callahan, Louisville, Ky. 

Hon. Richard Campbell, New York, N. Y. 

Rt. Rev. John J. Cant well, D.D., Los Angeles, Cal. 

Hon. Arthur Capper, U. S. Senate, Washington, D. C. 

Edward F. Carey, Chicago, 111. 

Peter J. Carey, Montclair, N. J. 

LuciAN R. Carroll, Houston, Texas 

Patrick Carter, Charleston, S. C. 

Frank J. Cavanaugh, Tonopah, Nevada 

David J. Champion, Cleveland, Ohio 

Most Rev. Alexander Christie, D.D., Portland, Ore. 

John F. Coad, Omaha, Neb. 

George M. Cohan, New York, N. Y. 

Barron G. Collier, New York, N. Y. 

J. M. Collins, Ely, Nevada 



iO A. C. R. I. REPORT 

Hon. Martin Conboy, New York, N. Y. 

Hon. Joseph F. Connolly, Portland, Me. 

Nicholas Conti, Vicksburg, Miss. 

D. J. Conway, Sioux Falls, S. D. 

Cornelius J. Corcoran, Lawrence, Mass. 

Hon. George F. Corrigan, York, Neb. 

John O'Hara Cosgrove, New York, N. Y. 

W. Crocker, Jr., San Francisco, Cal. 

Patrick Crowe, Denver, Colo. 

Richmond Dean, Chicago, 111. 

James E. Deery, Indianapolis, Ind. 

George C. Dempsey, Boston, Mass. 

Charles S. Derham, San Francisco, Cal. 

Edward L. Doheny, Los Angeles, Cal. 

Edward L. Doheny, Jr., New York, N. Y. 

Daniel F. Doherty, Springfield, Mass. 

T. J. Donoghue, Houston, Texas 

J. A. Donohue, Bluefield, W. Va. 

Alfred W. Donovan, Rockland, Mass. 

Michael F. Dooley, Providence, R. I. 

Edward J. Dooner, Philadelphia, Pa. 

His Eminence Dennis Cardinal Dougherty, D.D., 

Philadelphia, Pa. 
Most Rev. Austin Dowling, D.D., St. Paul, Minn. 
T. P. Downs, Beloit, Kas. 
Hon. Michael J. Doyle, Menominee, Mich. 
John S. Drum, San Francisco, Cal. 
Peter A, Drury, Washington, D. C. 
Eugene J. Dwyer, Rochester, N. Y. 
Thomas W. Dwyer, Wakefield, Mass. 
P. B. Ellis, Carson City, Nevada 
George H. Farrand, New York, N. Y. 
David M. Finnegan, Yankton, S. D. 
Hon. David E. Fitzgerald, New Haven, Conn. 
F. J. FiTZGiBBONS, Oswego, N. Y. 
James A. Flaherty, Philadelphia, Pa. 
J. Rogers Flannery, Pittsburgh, Pa. 



NATIONAL COUNCIL 11 

H. Fleish HACKER, San Francisco, Cal. 

Thomas P. Fleming, Huron, S. D. 

John C. Flynn, Lake View, Ore. 

Thomas Flynn, Omaha, Neb. 

Frank W. Foley, Houghton, Mich. 

Hon. L. B. Fowler, Carson City, Nevada 

Hugh Gallagher, Montgomery, Ala. 

Rt. Rev. Michael J. Gallagher, D.D., Detroit, Mich. 

Hon. H. a. Galway, Butte, Mont. 

Thomas F. Garvan, Hartford, Conn. 

Martin J. Gillen, New York, N. Y. 

Thomas J. Gillooly, Weston, W. Va. 

Hon. John L. Gilson, New Haven, Conn. 

Most Rev. John Joseph Glennon, D.D., St. Louis, Mo. 

Hon. Martin H. Glynn, Albany, N. Y. 

Lawrence Godkin, New York, N. Y. 

Mrs. Margaret Grandle, Kansas 

Thomas J. Guthrie, Des Moines, la. 

Bryne Hackett, New Haven, Conn. 

Julius Hager, Grosse Pointe, Mich. 

Henry M. Haldeman, Los Angeles, Cal. 

Most Rev. Edward J. Hanna, D.D., San Francisco, Cal. 

Dr. H, H. Haralson, Vicksburg, Miss. 

William F. Harrington, Manchester, N. H. 

Most Rev, Jeremiah J. Harty, D.D., Omaha, Neb. 

Most Rev, Patrick J, Hayes, D.D,, New York, N. Y. 

Daniel J. Healy, Detroit, Mich. 

Daniel J. Healy, Jr., Detroit, Mich. 

John E. Healy, Wilmington, Del. 

David J. Heffernan, Miami, Fla. 

W. F. Herrin, San Francisco, Cal. 

John C, Heyer, Boston, Mass, 

Hon. James H. Higgins, Providence, R. I. 

Edward Hines, Chicago, 111. 

Hon, John W. Hogan, Albany, N, Y, 

Thomas F. Horgan, Carson City, Nevada 

Hon. C, S, Huffman, Columbus, Kas. 

John Hughes, New York, N, Y. 



12 A. C. R. I. REPORT 

Edward N. Hurley, Chicago. 111. 

Col. Patrick J. Hurley, Tulsa, Okla. 

H. P. Hyndes, Cheyenne, Wyo. 

Hon. John B. Jones, Pensacola, Fla. 

Most Rev. James J. Keane, D.D., Dubuque, la, 

Thomas A. Kearns, Jr., Salt Lake City, Utah 

R. A. Keenan, Sheridan, Wyo. 

William J. Keenan, Providence, R. I. 

David Keith, Jr., Salt Lake City, Utah 

Daniel Kelleher, Seattle, Wash. 

Dennis M. Kelleher, Fort Dodge, Iowa 

A. E. Kelly, Huntington, W. Va. 

D. F. Kelly, Chicago, 111. 
Louis Kenedy, Stamford, Conn. 

Hon. Daniel J. Kenefick, Buffalo, N. Y, 

W. P. Kenney, St. Paul, Minn. 

Hon. Martin J. Keogh, New Rochelle, N. Y. 

E. J. Kerwin, Pine Bluff, Ark. 
Edward A. Ketter, Grand Forks, N. D. 
John Kilkenny, Hepper, Ore. 

O. J. King, Elkins, W. Va. 

Major Eugene F. Kinkead, South Orange, N. J. 

T. J. Kirwin, Charleston, W. Va. 

William P. Larkin, New York, N. Y. 

P. E. Laughlin, Kansas City, Mo. 

John S. Leahy, St. Louis, Mo. 

John J. Linehan, Worcester, Mass. 

John F. Lucey, New York, N. Y. 

John J. MacDonald, Philadelphia, Pa. 

Patrick E. McAuliffe, Burlington, Vt. 

William B. McCarthy, Milford, Conn. 

Dr. George B. McClellan, Princeton, N. J. 

J. W. McConaughy, New York, N. Y. 

Hon. Thomas F. McCran, Paterson, N. J. 

William J, McCullough, Davenport, la. 

Robert Emmet McDonnell, New York, N. Y. 



NATIONAL COUNCIL 13 

Peter J. McDonough, South Plainfield, N. J. 

John B. McGauran, Denver, Colo. 

Patrick J. McGinley, Frontenac, Kas. 

William J. McGinley, New Haven, Conn. 

Joseph A. McGowan, Indianapolis, Ind. 

John McGrath, Virginia City, Nevada 

J. J. McGrav^, Ponca City, Okla. 

Joseph T. McSweeney, Hartford, Conn. 

Michael Magiff, St. Albans, Vt. 

Col. John G. Maher, Lincoln, Neb. 

John Mahoney, Rawlins, Wyo. 

Martin Maloney, Belmar, N. J. 

Thomas J. Maloney, New York, N. Y. 

Martin T. Manton, New York, N. Y. 

John H. Markham, Jr., Tulsa, Okla. 

Hon. Peter W. Meldrim, Savannah, Ga. 

Most Rev. S. G. Messmer, D.D., D.C.L., Milwaukee, Wis. 

John E. Milholland, New York, N. Y. 

John Miller, Richmond, Va. 

Hon. James F. Minturn, Hoboken, N. J. 

Most Rev. Henry Moeller, D.D., Cincinnati, Ohio 

Hon. Thomas M. Monaghan, Wilmington, Del. 

Howard J. Monley, Grand Forks, N. D. 

Hon. Thomas F. Moran, Reno, Nevada 

W. Y. Morgan, Hutchinson, Kansas 

Hon. Andrew M. Morrissey, Lincoln, Neb. \ 

John K. Mullen, Denver, Colo. 

William J. Mulligan, Thompsonville, Conn. 

Most Rev. Geo. W. Mundelein, D.D., Chicago, 111. 

M. F. Murphy, Grand Forks, N. D. 

M. J. Murphy, Detroit, Mich. 

James W. Mytton, St. Joseph, Missouri 

Dr. Charles F. Neill, Washington, D. C. 

Edward Noonan, Tonapah, Nev. 

Hon. George W. Norris, U. S. Senate, Washington, D. C. 

Hon. Thomas D. O'Brien, St. Paul, Minn. 



14 A. C. R. I. REPORT 

William J. O'Brien, Baltimore, Md. 

Hon. J. F. T. O'Connor, Grand Forks, N. D. 

Hon. James Keegan O'Connor, Utica, N. Y. 

John A. O'Dwyer, Toledo, Ohio 

Daniel C. O'Flaherty, Richmond, Va. 

Chas. O'Hara, Milwaukee, Wis. 

A. N. O'Keefe, Jacksonville, Fla. 

John G. O'Keefe, New York, N. Y. 

H. W. O'Melveny, Los Angeles, Cal. 

Joseph H. O'Neil, Boston, Mass. 

Matthew J. O'Neil, Charlotte, N. C. 

Patrick H. O'Neil, Los Angeles, Cal. 

Hon. John F. O'Neill, Jersey City, N. J. 

John W. O'Neill, Birmingham, Ala. 

Myles O'Reilly, Newark, N. J. 

Humphrey O'Sullivan, Lowell, Mass. 

M. J. Owens, Toledo, Ohio 

A. W. Parke, Little Rock, Ark. 

Clarence Parker, Fayetteville, Ark. 

Hon. Joseph C. Pelletier, Boston, Mass. 

Hon. James D. Phelan, U. S. Senate, Washington, D. C, 

Hon. James J. Phelan, Boston, Mass. 

William Pigott, Seattle, Washington 

Hon. John G. Price, Columbus, Ohio 

John J. Pulleyn. New York, N. Y. 

Patrick J. Quealy, North Kemmerer, Wyo. 

Charles A. Quigley, Salt Lake City, Utah 

John Quinn, New York, N. Y. 

James Reeves, New York, N. Y. 

James E. Reilly, Huntington, W. Va. 

John B. Reilly, Miami, Fla. 

Peter C. Reilly, Indianapolis, Ind. 

Thomas Lawrence Reilly, New Haven, Conn. 

Timothy A. Riordan, Flagstaff, Ariz. 

John Rush, Omaha, Neb. 

James J. Ryan, Philadelphia, Pa. 



NATIONAL COUNCIL 15 

John D. Ryan, New York, N. Y. 

Thomas F. Ryan, New York, N. Y. 

William A. Saunders, Savannah, Ga. 

Hon. William Scallon, Helena, Mont. 

Joseph Scott, Los Angeles, Cal. 

Most Rev. John W. Shaw, D.D., New Orleans, La. 

F. E. Shoulte, Piedmont, W. Va. 

Hon. Alfred E, Smith, New York, N. Y. 

Dr. Andrew C. Smith, Portland, Ore. 

Hon. Thomas J. Spellacy, Hartford, Conn. 

Dr. J. A. Striebich, Moundsville, W. Va. 

Jeremiah J. Sullivan, Philadelphia, Pa. 

John B. Sullivan, Des Moines, Iowa 

Joseph Sullivan, Larimee, Wyo. 

Owen Sullivan, Louisville, Ky. 

David F. Supple, San Francisco, Cal. 

George Sweeney, Detroit, Mich. 

Mrs. Rebecca Wells Taylor, Lyons, Kansas 

Rev. Henry C. Thayer, McPherson, Kansas 

Richard M. Tobin, San Francisco, Cal. 

H. W. Traynor, Thomas, W. Va. 

Hon. Philip Troup, New Haven, Conn. 

D. W. TwoHY, Spokane, Wash. 

Joseph J. Tynan, San Francisco, Cal. 

Thomas J. Tyne, Nashville, Tenn. 

Festus J. Wade, St. Louis, Mo. 

Hon. David L Walsh, U. S. Senate, Washington, D, C. 

J. T. Walsh, Memphis, Tenn, 

Maurice Walsh, St. Albans, Vt. 

Thomas F. Walsh, Akron, Ohio 

Thomas F. Walsh, Jr., Savannah, Ga. 

Hon. Thomas J. Walsh, U. S. Senate, Washington, D. C. 

John R. Welch, Indianapolis, Ind. 

Dr. Hugo Wendel, Trenton, N. J. 

Edward H. Whalen, O'Neill, Nebraska 

Charles A. Whelan, New York, N. Y. 

William Allen White, Emporia, Kansas 

L. Hollingsworth Wood, New York, N. Y. 



16 A. C. R. I. REPORT 

IRISH WHITE CROSS 

(The agency in Ireland through which the American Committee 

distributed relief.) 

Pr cedent 
His Eminence Michael Cardinal Logue 

Chairman 
The Right Honorable Alderman L. O'Neill 
Lord Mayor of Dublin 

Trustees 
His Grace, Most Rev. Dr. Walsh, Archbishop of Dublin 
The Right Hon. The Lord Mayor of Dublin 
The Late President, Arthur Griffith, T.D. 
The Late General, Michael Collins, T.D. 
Thomas Johnson, T.D. George Russell 

James G. Douglas Mrs. Mary Alden Childers 

Joseph T. Wigham, M.D. 

Chairman of Standing Executive Committee 
L. Smith -Gordon 

Honorary Treasurer 
James G. Douglas 

Honorary Secretary 
James MacNeill 

Standing Executive Committee 

The Right Hon. The Lord J. H. Webb, F.R.I.A. I. 

Mayor of Dublin L. Smith-Gordon 

Alderman J. MacDonagh, T.D. R. A. Anderson 

President W. Cosgrave, T.D. Thomas Foran 

Captain Henry Harrison, Thomas Farren 

O.B.E., M.C. Thomas Johnson, T.D. 

R. Erskine Childers Alderman William O'Brien, T.D. 

James G. Douglas Mrs. Sheeiiy-Skeffington 

Professor E. P. Culverwell, Madam O'Rahilly 

S.F.T.C.D. Alderman Mrs. Clarke 

Miss E. M. Cunningham, M. A. Madame Gonne-MacBride 



IRISH WHITE CROSS 17 

John O'Neill Mrs. T. M. Kettle 

James MacNeill Miss J. Wigham 

Sean MacCaoilte Darrell Figgis, T.D. 



Director of Organisation 
Henry Kennedy, M.A., D.Sc. 

Acting Secretary 
Captain D. L. Robinson, D.S.O. 

Managing Committee 

The Right Hon. The Lord Thomas Johnson, T.D. 

Mayor of Dublin R. A. Anderson 

James MacNeill Madam O'Rahilly 
James G. Douglas 

General Council 
His Grace, The Most Rev. J. M. Harty, D.D., Archbishop of Cashel 
His Grace, The Most Rev. T. P. Gilmartin, D.D., Archbishop of 

Tuam 
The Most Rev. The Hon. B. J. Plunket, D.D., Bishop of Meath 
The Right Rev. T. Sterling Berry, D.D., Bishop of Killaloe 
Rev. Dr. I. Herzog, M.A., D.Litt., Chief Rabbi 
The Right Hon. The Lord Monteagle, K.P. 
The Right Hon. The Lord Mayor of Cork 
His Worship The Mayor of Kilkenny 
His Worship The Mayor of Derry 
His Worship The Mayor of Drogheda 
His Worship The Mayor of Clonmel 
His Worship The Mayor of Waterford 
His Worship The Mayor of Wexford 
His Worship The Mayor of Sligo 
Sean MacEntee, T.D. John Geoghegan 

Alderman Liam De Roiste, T.D. J. C. Dowdall 
Brian O'Higgins, T.D. Professor O'Rahilly, M.A. 

J. Crowley, L.R.C.P. & S.I., T.D. Edward MacLysaght 



18 



A. C. R. I. REPORT 



J. Lennon, T.D. 

J. J. O'Kelly, T.D. 

William O'Brien 

Colonel Maurice Moore, C.B. 

Sir Horace Plunket, P.C, 

K.C.V.O. 
Miss Mary Hayden, M.A. 
Mrs. Margaret MacGarry 
Miss Dorothy Macardle 
Mrs. Sydney Ball 
Miss Kathleen Lynn, M.B. 
Sir John O'Connell, M.A., 

LL.D. 
Joseph O'Carroll, M.D., 

F.R.C.P.I. 
Professor R. M. Henry, M.A. 
J. Boyd-Barrett, M.B. 
J. P. MacEnri, M.A., M.D. 
Rev. W. Crawford, M.A. 
Michael Governey 
J. Harbison, M.P. 
Alderman John Harkin 
Miss E. O'Connor, P.L.G. 
Samuel Graveson 
John Sweetman 
Darrell Figgis, T.D. 
J. M. Flood, B.L. 



D, MacCullagh 

C. M. O'Brien, M.D. 

J. MacArdle, L.R.C.S.I. 

H. T. Bewley, M.B. 

J. J. Nagle 

H. C. Neill-Watson 

J. T. O'Farrell 

T. C. Daly 

Denis Cullen 

L. J. Duffy 

Sean MacCaoilte 

The Hon. Albinia Brodrick 

Mrs. Ceannt 

Miss Nellie O'Brien 

The Hon. Mary Spring-Rice 

Miss Barton 

Miss Comerford 

Mrs. Stopford Green 

Mrs. Connery 

Miss Rose Timmon 

Miss Whitty 

Mrs. Despard 

P. Finegan 

J. Gullery 

J. MacVeagh, M.P. 

Mrs. L. M. Vanston 

Miss Angela Boland 



Together with all the officers and members of the Standing Executive 
Committee. 



CARDINAL GIBBONS APPEAL 19 

THE LATE CARDINAL GIBBONS' APPEAL FOR 
IRISH RELIEF 

"I earnestly beg all kind hearted and generous Americans to con- 
tribute to the fund for the relief of the many thousands now suffering 
want in Ireland. Authentic information reveals that villages, towns 
and cities have been in large part burned or wrecked, homes laid in 
ruins, factories and creameries destroyed and thousands of persons 
thrown out of employment, while they and their families are left de- 
pendent for food and shelter upon the charity of others. In many 
places the situation is acute and relief is now being administered by a 
committee of American and Irish Quakers without distinction of re- 
ligion or politics. 

"All funds are to be expended solely for relief under the supervision 
of men of the highest character and integrity; contributors will have 
the satisfaction of knowing that their money is relieving destitution and 
bringing comfort and consolation to the women and children of a race 
that has itself always been pre-eminently distinguished by generosity and 
charity. 

"While the sad plight of the destitute in Ireland appeals to our com- 
mon sentiments of humanity, it ought to touch American hearts with 
special force. The Irish people out of their poverty have more than 
once in times past sent aid to suffering Americans. Nor should we 
forget that not even to the French nation do we owe more for the 
achievement of our independence than we owe to the Irish soldiers of 
the American revolution. To the French we have proved that a nation 
may be moved by sentiments of gratitude; let us pay some small portion 
of our debt to the Irish by practical sympathy in their sufferings. I 
need not urge upon Americans of Irish descent their special duty to 
their own flesh and blood; they have given generously to all other 
suffering peoples, they will not forget the sufferings of their own. 

"I recommend this cause to the Catholic clergy of this country what- 
ever be their own racial origin. The whole Catholic church of America 
is most deeply indebted to the Irish people. It is not too much to 
expect that in every parish of our land effective means be taken to 
collect funds for the relief of the suffering in Ireland." 

(Signed) J. CARDINAL GIBBONS. 



20 A. C. R. I. REPORT 

STATE COMMITTEES 

ALABAMA 

State Headquarters 
108 Bibb Street, Montgomery 

State Committee 
Hugh Gallagher, Chairman, Montgomery 

National Council 
Hugh Gallagher, Montgomery John W. O'Neill, Birmingham 

ARIZONA 

State Headquarters 
Nogales 

State Committee 
Frank J. Barry, Chairman, Nogales Hon. T. E. Campbell, Governor, 
E. B. Frawley, Secretary, Tucson Honorary Vice-Chairman National 

James P. Connolly, Treasurer, Bisbee, Council 

National Council 
Timothy A. Riordan, Flagstaff Frank J. Barry, Nogales 

ARKANSAS 

State Headquarters 
Pine Bluff 

State Committee 
K J. Kerwin, Chairman, Pine Bluff 

National Council 
E. J. Kerwin, Pine Bluff Clarence Parker, Fayetteville 

A. W. Parke, Little Rock 

CALIFORNIA 

State Headquarters 

Northern California — 601 Market Street, San Francisco 

Southern California — 212 Security Building, Los Angeles 

State Committee 

E. L. Doheny, Chairman, Los Angeles Patrick H. O'Neil, Vice-Chairman, Los 

Angeles 

Honorary Vice-Chairman National Council 
David Starr Jordan, Stanford 

National Council 
Rt Rev. John J. Cantwell, D.D., Bishop Charles S. Derham, San Francisco 

of Los Angeles Richard M. Tobin, San Francisco 

Patrick H. O'Neil, Los Angeles David F. Supple, San Francisco 

Joseph Scott, Los Angeles W. F. Herrin, San Francisco 

W. H. Brophy, Los Angeles H. Fleishhacker, San Francisco 

Edward L. Doheny, Los Angeles John S. Drum, San Francisco 

Henry M. Haldeman, Los Angeles W. Crocker, Jr., San Francisco 

Most Rev. Edward J. Hanna, D.D., H. W. O'Melveny, Los Angeles 

Archbishop of San Francisco Joseph J. Tynan, San Francisco 

Hon. James D. Phelan, U. S. Senator, 

San Francisco 



STATE COMMITTEES 



21 



CKlAYOR'i^lK— Continued 

NORTHERN CALIFORNIA 

General Committee 



R. M. Tobin, Chairman 

Most Rev. Edward J. Hanna, D.D. 

Rabbi Martin A. Meyer 

Hon. W. W. Morrow 

Sylvester Andriano 

Leon Bocqueraz 

William W. Crocker 

Halsey E. Manwaring 

Daniel T. Murphy 

Loring Pickering 

David F. Supple 

Rev. Dr. Frederick W. Clampett, 

D.D., A.M. 
Rev. James L. Gordon, D.D. 
Hon. F. L. Murasky 
Fred B. Bebergall 
W. W. Cole 
R. K. Crothers 
John A. Britton 
Robt. A. Drady 



Eustace Cullinan 
James B. Duffy 
Milton H. Esberg 
H. Fleishhacker 
J. R. Hanify 
Geo. Kleiser 
W. H. McCarthy 
John S. Drum 
Andrew J. Gallagher 
James S. Fennell 
A. P. Giannini 
William F. Herrin 
Frederick J. Koster 
E. O. McCormick 
^ Thornwell Mullally 
John Francis Neylan 
C. S. Stanton 
E. J. Tobin 
Oliver Olsen 
John O'Toole 



SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 

General Committee 

Henry M. Haldemann, Chairman, Los Angeles 
Clarence A. Lyman, Secretary, Los Angeles 
Henry M. Robinson, Treasurer, Los Angeles 
J. Daijney Day, Asst. Treasurer, Los Angeles 

Executive Committee 

Dan. Murphy 
W. G. McAdoo 
W- J. Ford 
\C. A. Lyman 
T. A. Riordan 
Charles Donlon 
Fred L. Baker 
O. D. Bennett 
V. H. Rossetti 
E. L. Doheny 
Reese Llewellyn 
L. P. St. Oair 
W. G. Kerckhoff 



Harry Haldeman 
J. F. Lucey 
Frank A. Garbutt 
Joseph Scott 
P. H. aNeil 
W. H. Brophy 
T. A. O'Donnell 
M. H. Whittier 
H. M. Robinson 
H. W. O'Melveny 
Dr. Norman Bridge 
Wm. M. Garland 



CANAL ZONE— PANAMA 

BALBOA BRANCH 
John P. Corrigan, Chairman, Ancon P. L. Malone, Treasurer, Balboa 
Thomas J. Owens, Secretary, Ancon 

COLON AND CRISTOBAL BRANCH 
J. J. Enderton, Treasurer, Cristobal 



I 



22 A. C. R. 1. REPORT 

COLORADO 

State Headquarters 
314 Opera House Building, Denver 
State Executive Committee 
Hon. Patrick Crowe, Chairman Wm. P. McPhee 

John Evans, Treasurer O. L. Malo 

Rt. Rev. J. Henry Tihen John B. McGauran 

J. K. Mullen James A. McSwigan 

Hon. Samuel D, Nicholson John J. Morrissey 

Karl Schuyler M. J. O'Fallon 

William I. Mead John H. Reddin 

Godfrey Schirmer C. J. Robinson 

James C. Burger Daniel Sullivan 

James C. Curran James J. Sullivan 

Wm. P. Horan 

Honorary Chairman National Council 

Hon. Oliver H. Shoup, Governor, Denver 

National Council 

John K. Mullen, Denver Hon. Patrick Crowe, Denver 

John B. MoGauran, Denver 

CONNECTICUT 

State Headquarters 

208 Liberty Bldg., New Haven 

State Committee 

Hon. Thomas Lawrence Rcilly, Chairman, New Haven 

Hon. David E. Fitzgerald, Treasurer, Robert F. Brinker, Hartford 

Mayor of New Haven 

Honorary Committee 
Mayor Orson T. Curtis, Chairman, Mayor David E. Fitzgerald, New 

New Britain Haven 

Mayor John J. Treat, Stamford Mayor James B. Atwater, Derby 

Mayor Joseph F. Dutton, Bristol Mayor J. C. Mead, Ansonia 

Mayor John F. Connery, Middletown Mayor F. G. Hartenstein, Rockville 
Mayor Clifford B. Wilson, Bridgeport 

National Council 
Joseph T. McSweeney, Hartford Wm. J. McGinley, New Haven 

Thos. F. Garvan, Hartford Hon. John L. Gilson, New Haven 

Hon. David E. Fitzgerald, Mayor of Hon. Philip Troup, New Haven 

New Haven Thomas Lawrence Reilly, New Haven, 

Byrne Hackett, New Haven Wm. B. McCarthy, Milford 

IjDuis Kenedy, Stamford William J. Mulligan, Thompsonville 

Hon. Thos. J. Spellacy, Hartford 

DELAWARE 

State He.M)Quarters 
Knights of Columbus Hall, Tenth and West Streets, Wilmington 
State Committee 
Hon. Thomas M. Monaghan, Miss Marguerite M. Dugan, Asst. Secy. 

Chairman, Wilmington Miss Katherine Fitzpatrick, Asst. Secy 

Rt. Rev. John J. Monaghan, Hon. John S. Rossell, Treasurer, 

Hon. Chairman Wilmington 

William J. Maloney, Secretary, Peter A. Horty, 

Wilmington Chairman of Executive Committee 



STATE COMMITTEES 2h 

DELAWARE— Continued 

National Council 
Hon. Thomas M. Monaghan, John E. Healy, Wilmington 

Wilmington 

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 

District Headquarters 

1326 New York Ave., Northwest 

District Committee 

Peter A. Drury, Chairman 

Andrew I. Rickey, Secretary John B. Densmore, Asst. Treas. 

General Committee 
Daniel W. O'Donoghue, Chairman, Washington 

Executive Committee 
Rt. Rev. Thos. J. Shahan, D.D., Andrew I. Hickey, Secretary, 

Honorary Chairman, Washington Washington 

National Council 
Peter A. Drury, Washington Dr. Charles F. Neill, Washington 

Honorary Vice-jChairmen 
Samuel Grompers, Washington W. Dwynn Gardiner, Washington 

Peter A. Drury, Washington Arthur D. Marks, Washington 

Hon. Wendell P. Stafford, Washington Captain Julius Peyser, Washington 
Hon. James F. Smith, Washington Albert Schulteis, Washington 

Hon. Joseph P. Tumulty, Washington 

FLORIDA 

State Headquarters 
Miami 

State Committee 

David J. Heffernan, Chairman, Miami 

Right Rev. Michael J. Curley, D.D., Bishop of St. Augustine, Honorary Chairman 

National Council 
John B. Reilly, Miami A. N. O'Keefe, Jacksonville 

Hon. John B. Jones, Pensacola David J. Heffernan, Miami 

GEORGIA 

State Headquarters 
Savannah 
State Committee 
William A. Saunders, Chairman, Wm. J. Ryan, Vice-Chairman, 

Savannah Savannah 

J. F. Burke, Atlanta 
National Council 
Hon. Peter W. Meldrim, Savannah 
William A. Saunders, Savannah Thomas F. Walsh, Jr., Savannah 

ILLINOIS 

State Headquarters 
•_ 7 West Madison Street, Chicago 



24 



A. C. R. I. REPORT 

ILLINOIS— Continued 

Executive Committee 



D. F. Kelly, Chairman, Chicago 
George M. Reynolds, Treasurer, 

Chicago 
Joseph F. Connery, Secretary, Chicago 
His Grace, George VV. Mundelein, 

Archbishop of Chicago 
Rt. Rev. P. J. Muldoon, Bishop of 

Rockford 
Rt. Rev. Edmund M. Dunne, Bishop 

of Peoria 
Rt. Rev. Henry AlthofT, Bishop of 

Belleville 



Hon. William Hale Thompson, Mayor 

of Chicago 
Hon. Medill McCormick, U. S. Senate, 

Washington, D. C. 
Edward Hines, Chicago 
John J. O'Brien, Chicago 
Francis J. Lewis, Chicago 
William J. Carney, Chicago 
Andrew J. Ryan, Chicago 
Richmond Dean, Chicago 
H. J. Cassady, Chicago 



General Committee 
P. B. Flanagan 
Milton Flyke 
John J. Geraghty 
Edward Houlihan 
Edward N. Hurley 
Hon. Edmund K. Jarecki 
Hon. Marcus Kavanagh 
Thomas Kearney 
James A. Kearns 
Edward M. Kerwin 
Edward Kirchberg 
Joseph P. Mahoney 
P. L. McArdle 
Hon. Charles A. McDonald 
John A. McGarry 
Hon. John P. I. McGoorty 
George E. McGrath 



M. W. Murphy 
P. A. Nash 
W. L. O'Connell 
Joseph A. O'Donnell 
P. H. O'Donnell 
Adam Ortseifen 
N. L. Pictrowski 
Harry J. Powers 
J. J. Reilly 
Thomas A. Smyth 
Hon. Kickham Scanlan 
William J. Sinek 
Boetius H. Sullivan 
Robert M. Sweitzer 
Richard W. Wolfe 
Casimir Zychlinski 



Hon. Bernard P. Barasa 
Hon. George F. Barrett 
D. F. Bremmer 
Bernard G. Brennan 
George E. Brennan 
Charles T. Byrne 
James A. Calek 
Thomas H. Cannon 
Edward F. Carey 
Charles A. Comiskey 
James G. Condon 
Joseph W. Cremin 
Hon. Robert E. Crowe 
Anthony Czarnecki 
Hon. Leo Doyle 
Paul Drzymalski 
Michael J. Faherty 

Honorary National Vice-Chairmen National Council 
General Chas. G. Dawes Hon. Medill McCormick 

Jane Addams 
National Council 
Most Rev. Geo. W. Mundelein, D.D., Edward Hines, Chicago 

Chicago Edward N. Hurley, Chicago 

Edward F. Carey, Chicago D. F. Ke;lly, Chicago 

Richmond Dean, Chicago 

IDAHO 

State Headquarters 
Wallace 
State Committee 
Hon. Donald Callahan, Chairman, Reilly Atkinson, Vice-Chair man, 

Wallace Boise 

Honorary Vice-Chairman National Council 
Hon. D. W. Davis, Governor, Boise 

National Council 
Hon. Donald Callahan, Wallace 



:" STATE COMMITTEES 25 

IOWA 

State Headquarters 
MoCullough Building, Davenport 

State Committee — tNoRTHERN 
William J. McCullough, Chairman, Dr. W. D. Carroll, Vice-Chairman, 

Davenport Davenport 

Southern 
Dennis M. Kelleher, Chairman, Fort Dodge 

Honorary Committee 
Rt. Rev. James Davis, D.D., Bishop Rt. Rev, Edmond Heelan, D.D., 

of Davenport , Bishop of Sioux City 

Rt. Rev. Thomas W. Drumm, D.D., Most Rev. James John Keane, D.D., 
Bishop of Des Moines Archbishop of Dubuque 

Joseph McCormick 

National Council 
Most Rev. James John" Keane, D.D., Thomas J. Guthrie, Des Moines 
Archbishop of Dubuque Wm. J. McCullough, Davenport 

John B. Sullivan, Des Moines 'Dennis M. Kelleher, Fort Dodge 

INDIANA 

State Headquarters 
1617 Merchants Bank Building, Indianapolis 

State Committee 
Peter C. Reilly, Chairman James E. Deery 

John R. Welch, Treasurer Wm. J. Mooney 

Joseph A. McGowan, Secretary William F. Fox 

Honorary Vice-Chairman National Council 
Hon. Albert J. Beveridge, Indianapolis Henry Watterson 

National Council 
Peter C. Reilly, Indianapolis John R. Welch, Indianapolis 

Joseph A. McGowan, Indianapolis James E. Deery, Indianapolis 

William P, Breen, Fort Wayne 

KANSAS 

State Headquarters 
StiWell Hotel, Pittsburg 

State Committee 
Patrick J. McGinley, Chairman Theodore A. Thoma, Secretary 

Frontenac Thomas P. Downs, Treasurer, Beloit 

Mrs. Margaret Grandle, Vice-Chairman 

Honorary National Vice-Chairman National Council 
Hon. Henry J. Allen, Governor 

National Council 
Hon. Arthur Capper, U. S. Senate, W. Y. Morgan, Hutchinson 

Washington, D. C. Lieut. Gov. C. S. Huffman, Columbus 

T. P. Downs, Beloit Mrs. Rebecca Wells Taylor, Lyons 

Patrick J. McGinley, Frontenac Mrs. Margaret Grandle, Frontenac 

William Allen White, Emporia Rev. Henry C. Thayer, McPherson 



26 A. C. R. I. REPORT 

KENTUCKY 

State Headquarters 
319 Sixth Street, Louisville 

State Committee 

Owen Sullivan, Chairman, Louisville E. M. CaflFrey 

Col. P. H. Callahan, Vice-Chairman, Thomas Keenan 

Louisville Hon. Matthew O'Doherty 

Wm. J. Higgins, Secretary, Newport M. J. Bannon 

Rev. John O'Connor , Treasurer, Frank Reeder 

Louisville Frank A. Geher 

Very Rev. J. P. Cronin Dr. VV. B. Dougherty 

Rev. P. J. Walsh E. J. McDermott 
Rev. P. M. J. Rock 

Honorary Vice-Chairman National Council 
Hon. E. P. Morrow, Governor, Frankfort 

National Council 
Col. P. H. Callahan, Louisville Owen Sullivan, Louisville 

LOUISIANA 

State Headquarters 
307 Camp Street, New Orleans 

State Committee 

P. E. Burke, Chairman, New Orleans A. G. Williams, New Orleans 

Edgar Cahn, Vice-Chairman, Beekman Thomas 1. O'Connor, New Orleans 

Paul Villere, Treasurer Francis Williams, New Orleans 

Mrs. A. Pierson, Secretary Michael J. Mulverhill, New Orleans 

J. B. Russell, New Orleans Col. John P. Sullivan, New Orleans 
John J. O'Neil, New Orleans 

National Council 

Mt. Rev. John W. Shaw, D.D., Archbishop of New Orleans 

P. E. Burke, New Orleans 

MAINE 

State Headquarters 
31 Central Street, Bangor 

State Committee 
[ohn F. Daily, Chairman, Bangor Portland National Bank, 

John J. Cunningham, Treasurer, State Depository 

Portland Thomas Kennon, Publicity Director, 

William J. Harvey, Asst. Treasurer, Portland 

Portland 

National Council 
Hon. Joseph F, Connolly, Portland 



STATE COMMITTEES 27 

MARYLAND 

State Headquarters 
113 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore 

State Committee 
Rev. Lawrence MoNamara, Chairman Frank Prendergast, Cumberland 

Baltimore Rabbi Sarachn, Cumberland 

Wm. J, O'Brien, Jr., Chairman, William C. Walsh, Cumberland 

Baltimore Francis B. Hodel, Cumberland 

James P. Healy, Treasurer, Baltimore Miss Nell Kean, Cumberland 
J. P. Dornan, Secretary, Baltimore William C. Nehring, Hagerstown 

Right Rev. Owen J. Corrigan, Baltimore A. H. Gunnell, Hagerstown 
William S. Aumen, Baltimore Airs. Sarah Butler, Hagerstown 

John H. Mooney, Baltimore Miss Berta Mobley, Hagerstown 

Judge William Dunn, Baltimore Rev. Hugh J. Monaghan, Baltimore 

Honorary Vice-Chairman National Council 
* His Eminence James Cardinal Gibbons 

National Council 
Wm. J. O'Brien, Baltimore 

MASSACHUSETTS 

State Headquarters 
166 Devonshire Street, Boston 

State Committee 

James J. Phelan, Chairman Maurice J. Curran, Vice-Chairman 

Joseph H. O'Neil, Treasurer James L. Doherty, Vice-Chairman 

John C. Heyer, Secretary Alfred W. Donovan, Vice-Chairman 

Joseph M. Shea, Asst. Secretary John J. Linehan, Vice-Chairman 

Arthur E. Grimes, Auditor John T. Hugher, Henry V.Cunningham, 

John W. Cummings, Vice-Chairman Charles J. O'Malley 

Executive Committee 
James J. Phelan, Chairman John W. Cummings, Vice-Chairman 

Organization and Entertainment Committee 
P. A. O'Connell, Chairman, Boston Captain James D. Coady, Boston 

Hononory National Vice-Chairman 
His Eminence William Cardinal O'Connell 
National Council 
Hon. James J. Phelan, Boston John J. Linehan, Worcester 

John C. Heyer, Boston Rev. Harold G. Arnold, West Roxbury 

Joseph H. O'Neil, Boston Alfred Warren Donovan, Rockland 

Hon. David I. Walsh, U. S, Senate, Daniel F. Doherty, Springfield 

Washington, D. C. Cornelius J. Corcoran, Lawrence 

George C. Dempsey, Boston Humphrey O'Sullivan, Lowell 

Thomas W. Dwyer, Wakefield Hon. Joseph C. Pelletier, Boston 

MICHIGAN 

State Headquarters 

1453 Farmer Street, Detroit 

Depository — ^Security Trust Company of Detroit 

State Committee 
Daniel J. Healy, Jr., Chairman, Detroit J. J. O'Connor, Auditor, Detroit 
* Deceased 



28 



A. C. R, I. REPORT 



UlCHlGAl^— Continued 

Upper Peninsula 
Hon. Michael J. Doyle, Chairman, Mayor of Menominee 

Women's Division 
Miss Bina M. West, Chairman, Mrs. Margaret McMahon, 

Port Huron V ice-Chairman, Detroit 

Miss Anna Lacy, Ishpeming Miss Alice Dihvorth, Detroit 

Honorary Vice-Chairman National Council 
Governor Alexander J. Groesbeck, Lansing 

National Council 
Rt. Rev. Michael J. Gallagher, D.D., Frank W. Foley, Houghton 

Bishop of Detroit 
George Sweeney, Detroit 
M. J. Murphy, Detroit 
Julius Hager, Grosse Pointe 



Daniel J. Healy, Detroit 

Hon. Michael J. Doyle, Mayor, 

Menominee 
Daniel J. Healy, Jr., Detroit 



Executive Committee 



David A. Brown, Chairman 
George W. Sweeney, Secretary 
Thomas P. Phillips, Puh. Director 
George F. Carroll 
William P. Bradley 
Wm. M. Walker 
D. J. Healy 
J. J. O'Connor 



Edward J. Corbett 
James F. Murphy 
W'm. L. Rutledge 
James Fitzgerald 
Joseph Glaser 
Julius Hager 
F. J. Carroll 
D. J. Healy, Jr. 



MINNESOTA 

State Headquarters 
Ejidicott Building, St. Paul 

State Executive Committee 
John A. Burns, Chairman, St. Paul Thos. J. Meighen, Preston 
John B. Galarneault, Treas., St. Paul Geo. Bagen, Albert Lea 



M. J. Boyle, Winona 

W. P. Kenney, St Paul 

Pierce Butler, St. Paul 

P. W. Fahey, St Paul 

F. L .Madden, St. Paul 

J. P. Dougherty, St Paul 

J. M. Clancy, St. Paul 

Jno. H. McDonald, St Paul 

T. J. Doyle, St Paul 

Geo. D. Flynn, Minneapolis 

J. C. Whelan, Minneapolis 

John C. Sheehan, Minneapolis 

J. P. Downs, Minneapolis 

Col. Wm. D. Donahue, Minneapolis 

E. A. Prendergast, Minneapolis 

J. P. Coleman, Minneapolis 

John P. Coleman, Anoka 

Geo. O'Donnell, Foley 

B. A. Costello, Graceville 

H. Hughes-Hilescher, Mankato 

Henry J. Berg, New Ulm 



Martin Igo, Red Wing 

P. V. Ryan, Houston 

Philip J. Haley, Willmar 

W. C. Haney, Marshall 

A. A. Fallon, Hutchinson 

Samuel Doherty, Le Sueur 

Austin Grimes, Little Falls 

J. J. Furlong, Austin 

M. J. Kennedy, Fairmont 

S. J. McCarthy, Eden Valley 

Thos. P. Flynn, Avoca 

Rev. John Kiely, Ellsworth 

P. J. Scanlon, Rochester 

T. M. Alexander, Fergus Falls 

Judge E. M. Stanon, Thief River Falls 

F. A. Grady, Crookston 

F. H. Burgert Pipestone 

Rev. Alois Kastigar, Morgan 

W. J. Heany, Olivia 

Jno. W. Devery, North field 

Francis J. Dacey, Duluth 



STATE COMMITTEES 29 

MINNESOTA— CowhwMe^/ 

W. S. O'Brien, St. Peter Fred L. Ryan, Duluth 

James McGuire, Rush City Con. J. Keppel, Hibbing 

Rev. Herman McKenna, Windom E. A. Murphy, St. Cloud 

Jas. J. Nolan, Brainard G. W. Atmore, Duluth 

J. C. Nolan, Hastings P. J. Foley. Le Sueur 
Dr. R. J. Gallagher, Blue Earth 

Honorary Vice-Chairvtan National Council 
Hon. J. A. O. Preus, Governor, St. Paul 

National CouNaL 
Most Rev. Austin Dowling, D.D., Pierce Butler, St. Paul 

Archbishop of St. Paul Hon. Thomas D. O'Brien, St. Paul 

W. P. Kenney, St. Paul John A. Burns, St. Paul 

MISSISSIPPI 

State Headquarters 
Washington Street, Vicksburg 

State Committee 
Dr. H. H. Haralson, Chairman, S. E. Treanor, Treasurer, Vicksburg 

Vicksburg Dr. S. Myers, Secretary 

Mayor J. J. Hayes, Vice-Chairman Mrs. C. J. O'Neill 

Mrs. M. H. Bell, Vice-Chairman M. D. Landau 

Honorary National Vice-Chairman National Council 
Hon. Leo M. Russell, Governor, Jackson 

National Council 
Dr. H. H. Haralson, Vicksburg Nicholas Conti, Vicksburg 

MISSOURI 

State Headquarters 
511 Locust Street, St. Louis 

State Committee 

John S. Leahy, Chairman, St. Louis Mrs. William Maflfit, St. Louis 

J. B. Sheridan, Secretary, St. Louis Mrs. J. F. Murphy, St. Louis 

Raymond F. McNally, Treasurer, James M. Rohan, St. Louis 

St. Louis O'Neill Ryan, St. Louis 

Con. P. Curran, Vice-ChairmaHf Mrs. John R. Scott, St. Louis 

St. Louis , iMartin Shaughnessy, St. Louis 

Hon. Arthur M. Hyde, Hon. Chairman, Dr. John H. Simon, St. Louis 

Governor of Missouri M. E. Smith, St. Louis 

John R. Scott David Sommers, St. Louis 

Sol. W. Gross 'Mrs. C. A. Stix, St. Louis 

Henry W. Kiel, Mayor of St. Louis Festus J. Wade, St. Louis 

Most Reverend John J. Glennon, Rev. P. J. Carney, Moberly 

Archbishop of St. Louis Edward Costello, Maryville 

Louis P. Aloe, St. Louis John J. Dees, Joplin 

Mrs. Theodore Benoist, St. Louis W. E. Foley, Springfield 

Joim F. Betts, St. Louis Paul K. Gibbons, Edina 

Mrs. James G. Cahill, St. Louis Daniel E. Kennedy, Sedalia 

Arthur J. Donnelly, St. Louis James G. Lawler, St. Charles 

Mrs. W. T. Donovan, St. Louis J. J. Martin, Montgomery City 

George L. Dyer, St. Louis Patrick Martin, Monett ^ 



30 



A. C. R. I. REPORT 



MISSOURI— Continued 



Mrs. David G. Evans, St. Louis 
Mrs. James W. Grace. St. Louis 
Mrs. F. H. Gerhart, St. Louis 
Luke E. Hart, St. Louis 
Harry B. Hawes, St. Louis 
Dr. R. E. Kane, St. Louis 
Jos. D. Lumaghi, St. Louis 
Vincent McShane, St. Louis 
Thomas O. Moloney, St. Louis 



Col. John P. MuUane, Kansas City 
F. H. O'Brien, Chillicothe 
Jos. C. O'Hern, Hannibal 
Dr. T. E. Purcell, Kansas City 
L. M. Van Coutren, Brookficld 
Henry J. Westhus, Jeflferson City 
James W. Mytton, St. Joseph 
Frank M. Gill, St. Joseph 
John J. Downey, St. Joseph 



Honorary Vice-Chairman National Council 
Hon. A. M. Hyde, Governor, Charles Nagel, St. Louis 

Jefferson City 

National Council 
John S. Leahy, St. Louis P. E. Laughlin, Kansas City 

Mt. Rev. John J. Glennon, D.D., Festus J. Wade, St. Louis 

Archbishop of St. Louis James W. Mytton, St. Joseph 

MONTANA 

State Headquarters 
Helena 



State Committee 



Hon. William Scallon, Chairman, 

Helena 
Thomas A. Marlow, Treasurer, Helena 
Hugh Thomas Carter, Secretary 
C. F. Kelley, Director 
R. R. Killroy, Publicity, Butte 
Hon. Thomas J, Walsh 
Hon. Henry L. Myers 
Hon. Carl Riddick 
Hon, Washington J. MdCormick 
Hon. William L. Holloway 
Hon. C. H. Cooper 
Hon. Albert J. Galen 
Hon. Frank B. Reynolds 
Hon. W. D. Rankin 



Hon. T. C. Power 
Hon. S. V. Stewart 
Hon. John M. Evans 
Hon. Ed Donlan 
Hon. John F. Edwards 
Hon. Charles R. Leonard 

C. H. McLeod 

J. Bruce Dremer 
Sam Goza 

D. J. Donahue 
C. B. Nolan 
Isaac Boyer 
R. L Wisner 
R. R. Purcell 



Honorary Vice-Chairman National Council 
Hon. J. M. Dixon, Governor, Helena 



National Council 

Hon. Thomas J. Walsh, United States Hon. Theo. Brantley, Helena 
Senate, Washington, D. C. Hon. William Scallon, Helena 

Hon. H. A. Galway, Butte 



STATE COMMITTEES 31 

NEBRASKA 

State Headquarters 
1323 Martha Street, Omaha 

State Committee 

John Rush, Chairman, Omaha Francis P. Matthews 

O. T. Eastman, Treasurer, Omaha Arthur F. Mullen 

Thomas L5Tich Frank J. Burkley 

Clinton Miller Dr. T. J. Dwyer 

Thomas B. Coleman Dr. Leo Phelan, Grand Island 

John F. Coad Col. John G. Maher, Lincoln 

National CouNaL 

Mt. Rev. Jeremiah J. Harty, D.D., John Rush, Omaha 

Archbishop of Omaha Hon. George W. Norris, U. S. Senate, 
John F. Coad, Omaha Washington, D. C. 

Thos. Fl3Tin, Omaha Hon. George F. Corrigan, York 

Hon. Andrew M. Morrissey, Lincoln Edward H. Whalen, O'Neill 

Col. John G. Maher, Lincoln -i 



NEVADA 

State Headquarters 
Reno 

State Committee 
Hon. Thomas Francis Moran, Chairman, Reno 
H. H. Kennedy, Treasurer, Reno Reno National Bank, Depository 

National Council 
Hon. Thomas F. Moran, Reno Thomas F. Horgan, Carson City 

Hon. L. B. Fowler, Carson City P. B. Ellis, Carson City 

John McGrath, Virginia City J. M. Collins, Ely 

Edward Noonan, Tonapah Hugh Henry Brown, Tonopah 

Frank J. Cavanaugh, Tonapah ; ' 

NEW HAMPSHIRE 

State Headquarters 
31 Hanover Street, Manchester ' 

State Executive Committee 

William F. Harrington, Chairman, Manchester 

Joseph W. Epply, Vice-Chairman, Rev. P. J. Scott, Secretary, Manchester 

Manchester James A. Broderick, Director 

Harry L. Additon, Treasurer, Manchester 

Manchester 

General Committee 

Hon. Albert O. Brown, Chairman, F. Clyde Keefe 

Governor, Harry L. Additon 

Rt. Rev. George Albert Guertin, D.D., William F, Harrington 

Bishop of Manchester Wilfred J. Lessard 

Hon. John Kivel Hon. James B, Crowley 



32 A. C. R. I. REPORT 

NEW UAMFSHIRE— Continued 

Hon. George H. Moses, U. S. Senate, Edmund Sullivan 

Washington, D. C. E. M. Chase 

Hon. George E. Trudel Hon. James E. Brennan 

Hon. Arthur G. Whittemore Joseph W. Epply 

Hon. John H. Bartlett H. E. Charron 

Hon. Moise Verrette Patrick H. Sullivan 

Hon. Henri Bourque William H. Lyons, M.D. 

Hon. William P. Straw Joseph H. Geisel 

Hon. Joseph Madden T. Ed. Cunningham 

Honorary National Vice-Chairman National Council 
Hon. Albert 0. Brown, Governor 

National Council 
William F. Harrington, Manchester James A. Broderick, Manchester 

NEW JERSEY 

State Headquarters 
Robert Treat Hotel, Newark 
State Commtttee 
Major Eugene F. Kinkead, Chairman, Rabbi Maurice Thorner, 

So. Orange, N. J. , Vice-Chairmen 

Canon Henry B. Bryan, Hon. Edward I. Edwards, Governor, 

Vice-Chairman Hon. Chairman, Trenton 

Hon. George B. McClellan, Thomas J. Maloney, 

Vice-Chairman, Princeton Treasurer 

Hon. Thomas F. MdCran, Charles P. McGovern, 

Vice-Chairman, Paterson Secretary 

Honorary Vice-Chairman National Council 
Hon. Edward I. Edwards, Governor, Trenton 

National Council 

Peter J. McDonough, So. Plainfield Myles O'Reilly, Newark 

Nathan Barnert, Paterson Hon. John F. O'Neill, Jersey City 

Martin Maloney, Belmar Dr. Hugo Wcndel, Trenton 

Hon. George B. McGellan, Princeton Major Eugene F, Kinkead, So. Orange. 

Hon. James F. Mintura, Hoboken Charles A. Whelan, East Orange 

Peter J. Carey, Montclair Hon. Thomas F. McCran, Paterson 

NEW MEXICO 

State Headquarters 
Santa Fe 

State Committee 
John T. Lynn, Chairman, Santa Fe 



STATE COMMITTEES 



33 



NEW YORK CITY 

Headquarters 

109 West 42nd Street 

Hon. Martin J. Conboy, Chairman 

Nicholas P. Dnflfy, Director 

Borough of Manhattan 

109 West 42nd Street 

James J. Hoey, Chairman 

Mrs. Beatrice Brcxwn Young, Chairman, Women's Division 

Borough of Brooklyn 

334 Fulton Street 

Harry T. Woods, Chairman 

Miss Helen P. McCormick, Chairman, Women's Division 

Borough of Bronx 

862 East Tremont Avenue 

Hon. Edward J. Glennon, Chairman 

Borough of- Queens 

358 Fulton Street, Jamaica 

John H. Fox, Chairman 

Borough of Richmond 

Corn Exchange Bank Bldg., St. George 

Hon. Morgan M. L. Ryan, Chairman 



NEW YORK STATE 

State Headquarters 
New York and Albany 

State Committee 

Hon. Martin J. Conboy, Chairman, New York 

Hon. W. P. Cunningham, Chairman, EHenville 

Nicholas P. Duffy, Director 



William W. Farley, Albany 
Thomas F. Monaghan, Amsterdam 
John J. Neville, Beacon 
John J. Irving, Binghamton 
Hon. Daniel J. Kenefick, Buffalo 
Cornelius ODea, Elmira 
James F. 0''Melia, Fonda 
R. E. Duignan, M.D., Gloversville 
Frank J. Sheridan, Sr., Great Neck 
Daniel F. Keefe, Glens Falls 
William S. Prunty, Harrison 
Joseph W. Connelly, Johnstown 



George F. Johnson, Johnson City 

Rev. John J. Hickey, Kingston 

Hon. Martin J. Keogh, New Rochelle 

Hugh McGrath, Oswego 

Leo A. MacSweeney, Rochester 

J. H. Carroll, Rome 

James E. Doyle, Syracuse 

Patrick H. McDermott, Schenectady 

Hon. James W. Fleming, Troy 

Frederick J. Douglas, M.D., Utica 

George H. Burns, Watertown 

Frank Mone, Yonkers 



Chairman National Council, Hon. Morgan J. O'Brien, New York 
Honorary Vice-Chairmen National Council 



Henry Morgenthau, New York 
Wm. Randolph Hearst, New York 
Bernard M. Baruch, New York 
George B. Cortelyou, New York 
Charles H. Ingersoll, New York 



Franklin K. Lane, New York 
Elisabeth Marbury, New York 
Hon. Wm. G. MoAdoo, New York 
Haley Fiske, New York 



34 



A. C. R. I. REPORT 
NEW YORK STATE— Continued 

National Council 



Most Rev. Patrick J. Hayes, D.D., 

Archbishop of New York 
Thomas F. Ryan, New York 
John D. Ryan, New York 
Nicholas F. Brady, New York 
John G. O'Keefe, New York 
Thomas J. Maloney, New York 
E. L. Doheny, Jr., New York 
Martin J. Gillen, New York 
Lawrence Godkin, New York 
James Reeves, New York 
Hon. Richard Campbell, New York 
John Hughes, New York 
Charles A. Whelan, New York 
John Quinn, New York 
George M. Cohan New York 
John J. Pulleyn, New York 
Hon. John W. Hogan, Albany 
Hon. Daniel J. Kenefick, Buffalo 
Hon. Martin J. Keogh, New Rochelle 



Eugene J. Dwyer, Rochester 

Robert Emmet McDonnell, New York 

James E. Butler, New York 

Hon. Martin T. Manton, New York 

John E. Milholland, New York 

Hon. Martin Conboy, New York 

F. J. FitzgJbbons, Oswego 

William P. Larkin, New York 

L. Hollingsworth Wood, New York 

Hon. Alfred E. Smith, New York 

J. W. McConaughy, New York 

John O'Hara Cosgrove, New York 

Hon. Martin H. Glynn, Albany 

George H. Farrand, New York 

J. F. Bresnahan, New York 

Hon. James Keegan O'Connor, Utica 

William A. Brady, New York 

Barron G. Collier, New York 

Capt. John F. Lucey, New York 



NORTH CAROLINA 

State Headquarters 
Charlotte 

State CoMRnrrEE 
Matthew J. O'Neil, Chairman, Charlotte 

Honorary Vice-Chairman National Council 
Hon. Josephus Daniels, Raleigh 

National Counol 
Matthew J. O'Neil, Charlotte 



NORTH DAKOTA 

State Headquarters 
Grand Forks 



P. A. McCleman, Chairnuan, 

Grand Forks 
Edward A. Ketter, Secretary, 

Grand Forks 
W. V. O'Connor, Treasurer 
M. F. Murphy, Grand Forks 



State Committee 

M. Norman 

M. J. Moran 

J. F. T. O'Connor 

Hon. Phil McLaughlin 

Howard J. Monley 



Honorary Vice-Clwirman National Council 
Hon. L. J. Frazier, Governor, Bismarck 

National CouNaL 



M. F. Murphy, Grand Forks 

Hon. J. F. T. O'Connor, Grand Forks 



Howard J. Monley, Grand Forks 
Edward A. Ketter, Grand Forks 



STATE COMMITTEES 35 

OHIO 

State Headquarters 
New Southern Hotel, Columbus 

State Committee 

Hon. John G. Price, Chairman, Joseph J. Castellini, Cincinnati 

Columbus Nicholas J. Hoban, Cincinnati 
George Chennell, Secretary, Columbus M. J. Owens, Toledo 

Robert H. Schryrer, Treasurer, John A. O'Dwyer, Toledo 

Columbus Thomas F. Walsh, Akron 

Hon. James T. Carroll, Columbus M. P. Mooney, Cleveland 

Guy W. Mallon, Cincinnati David J. Champion, Cleveland 
John B. Dury, Columbus 

Honorary Vice-Chairvian National Council 
Hon. H. L. Davis, Governor, Columbus 

National Council 
David J. Champion, Cleveland Most Rev. Henry Moeller, D.D., 

Thomas F. Walsh, Akron Cincinnati 

John A. O'Dwyer, Toledo _Hon. John G. Price, Columbus 

M. J, Owens, Toledo 

OKLAHOMA 

( State Headquarters 

Tulsa 

State Committee 

John H. Markham, Jr., Chairman, Pat Malloy 

Tulsa John R. Hadley 

J. H. McMorrow, Vice-Chair man, J. J. Shea ^ ■ 

Bartlesville E, M. Gallaher 

Horace H. Hagan, Vice-Chairman W. G. Skelly " ■ 

J. S. Torrens, Secretary Thos. Chestnut ^ ! 

Miss M. W. Kelsey, Asst. Secretary, Dr. W. Albert Cook ' 

Tulsa F. J. Hurley 

Dr. S. G. Kennedy F. H. Greer 

D. F. Connolly Charles O'Connor 

J. Arthur Hull Charles Daly 

National Council 
John H. Markham, Jr., Tulsa Col. Patrick J. Hurley, Tulsa 

J. J. McGraw, Ponca City '• 

OREGON 

State Headquarters 
Selling Bldg., Portland 

State Committee 
Dr. Andrew C. Smith, Chairman, Portland 
John R. Murphy, Vice-Chairman, Joseph E. Wiley, Treasurer, Portland 

Portland Frank J. Whalen, Campaign Mgr., 

Anne Kearns, Secretary, Portland Portland 

National Council 
Most Rev. Alexander Christie, D.D,, John C. Flynn, Lakeview 

Oregon City Dr. Andrew C. Smith, Portland 

John Kilkenny, Hepper 



36 A. C. R. I. REPORT 

PENNSYLVANIA 

State Headquarters 

Pittsburgh, 447 Fifth Avenue 

Philadelphia, 500 Widener Building 

State Committee 
J. Rogers Flannery, ChairvKm, Pittsburgh 
W. C. McEldowney, Treasurer, James Reardon, Scranton 

Pittsburgh Howard L. Sills, Director 

Philadelphia 
Theodore F. Jenkins, Chairman 
Edward J. Dooner, Secretary William V. McGrath, Jr., Treasurer 

National Council 
J. Rogers Flannery, Pittsburgh James A. Flaherty, Philadelphia 

John J. MacDonald, Philadelphia Edward J. Dooner, Philadelphia 

James J. Ryan, Philadelphia His Eminence, Dennis Cardinal 

Jeremiah J. Sullivan, Philadelphia Dougherty, Philadelphia 

RHODE ISLAND 

State Headquarters 
62 Exchange Street, Providence 

State Committee 
Hon. Emery J. San Souci, Arthur Henius, Treasurer, Providence 

Hon. Chairman, Governor of Thomas H. Dinneny, Publicity, 

Rhode Island Providence 

M. F. Dooley, Chairman, Providence William J. Keenan, State Director, 
Patrick P. Curran, Secretary, Providence 

Providence 

Vxce-Chairnven 
Hon. R. Livingston Beekman, Providence 
Hon. James H. Higgins, Pawtucket 
Hon. Aram J. Pothier, Woonsocket 
Hon. John W. Sweeney, Providence 

Rt. Rev. William A. Hickey, D.D., William R. Fortin, Pawtucket 

Bishop of Providence Rathbone Gardner, Providence 

Msgr. Peter E. Blessing, D.D., Patrick E. Hayes, Pawtucket 

Providence William J. Keenan, Providence 

Rabbi Samuel M. Gup, Providence Theodore France Green, Providence 

Harvey A. Baker, Providence James J. McCarthy, Woonsocket 

David J. Barry, Providence Roderick A. McGarry, Eden Park 

Mariano Vervena, Providence C. C. Moore, Newport 

James Bartley, Providence James Mullen, Woonsocket 

Antonio A. Capotosto, Providence Geo. F. O'Shaunessy, Providence 

Dr. Edward J. Carroll, Providence Martin J. Raferty, Providence 

Dr. Louis J. Cella, Providence Joseph Samuels, Providence 

Richard B. Comstock, Providence Edw. T. Dolan, Pawtucket 

Thomas B. Connolly, Newport John J. Fitzgerald, Pawtucket 

Dutee W. Flint, Cranston Archibald Silverman, Providence 
Thos. F, Cooney, Cranston 

Honorary Vice-Chairman National Council 
Hon. Emery J. San Souci, Governor, Providence 

National Council 
William J. Keenan, Providence Hon. James H. Higgins, Pawtucket 

Michael F. Dooley, Providence 



STATE COMMITTEES 3? 

SOUTH CAROLINA 

State Headquarters 
25 Broad Street, Charleston 

State Committee 
Patrick H. Kennedy, Chairman, Charleston 

National Council 
Patrick Carter, Charleston 

SOUTH DAKOTA 

State Headquarters 
Huron 

State Committee 
Thomas P. Fleming, Chairman, Huron 
Thos. H. Campbell, Treasurer, Huron George G. MacDonald, Sioux Falls 

National Council 
D. J. Conway, Sioux Falls David M. Finnegan, Yankton 

Thomas P. Fleming, Huron 

TENNESSEE 

State Headquarters 
North Memphis Savings Bank, Memphis 

State Committee 
J. T. Walsh, Chairman, Memphis 

National Council 
J. T. Walsh, Memphis Thomas J. Tyne, Nashville 

TEXAS 

State Headquarters 
1207-1211 Capital Avenue, Houston 

State Committee 
Lucian R. Carroll, Chairman, Houston Frank E. Russell, Treasurer, Houston 
R. D, Frazier, Secretary, Houston T. J. Donoghue 

National Honorary Vice-Chairman 
Hon. Patrick M. Neff, Governor, Austin 

National Council 
T. J. Donoghue, Houston Lucian R. Carroll, Houston 

UTAH 

State Headquarters 
Utah Hotel, Salt Lake City 

State Committee 

Henry Welsh, Chairnian, Mrs, Elizabeth Geoghegan 

Salt Lake City George Jay Gibson 

Joseph E. Cosgriff, Treasurer, W. W. Armstrong 

Salt Lake City Thomas F. Keams 

Jos. H. McKay, Secretary M. J. Dailey 

James J. Burke Thomas O'Brien 

J. C. Lynch Mrs. John Q. Cannon 

John F. Fitzpatrick Henry N. Byrne 

W. J. Halloran Dr. J. J. Galligan 

Charles A. Quigley H. A. Culbertson 



6S 



A. C. R. I. REPORT 



UTAH — Continued 



General 
Hon. Reed Smoot, Washington, D. C. 
Mayor C. C. Neslen 
Right Rev. Jos. S. Glass, C. M., D. D, 
Hon. Simon Bamberger 
F. O. Howard 
W. S. McCormick 
Chas. S. Burton 
Ernest Bamberger 
Daniel B. Shields 
W. Mont Ferry 
Harry S. Joseph 
John F. Tobin 
Samuel A. Soupcoff 
Edgar Newhouse 
Clarence Bamberger 
Dr. W. D. Donoher 
Dr. Leo F. Hummer 



Committee 
David Keith 
Patrick J. Mora 
Wm. H. Leary 
Frank J. Hagenbarth 
James G. Doolittle 
V. L. Richey 
Dr. Louis Viko 
Wm. Griffith 
Frank J. McGanney 
Vere L. McCarthy 
John C. Geoghegan 
James P. Casey 
Scott N. Anderson 
F. P. Gallagher 
Stephen Maloney 
Frank Green 



Honorary Vice-Chairmen 
Governor C. R. Mabey, Salt Lake City Mayor C. C. Neslen, Salt Lake City 
Hon. Theodore Brantley 

Honorary Vice-Chairman National Council 
Hon. Charles R. Mabey, Governor, Salt Lake City 

National Council 
W. W. Armstrong, Salt Lake City Thomas A. Kearns, Jr., Salt Lake City 

James J. Burke, Salt Lake City Scott W. Anderson, Salt Lake City 

C. A. Quigley, Salt Lake City David Keith, Jr., Salt Lake City 



VERMONT 

State Headquarters 
Burlington 

State Committee 



Patrick E. McAuliffe, Chairman, 

Burlington 
M. D. McMahon, Treasurer, 

Burlington 
J. P. Madigan, Secretary 
Champlain Trust Co., Depository, 

Winooski 
Hays Adv. Agency, Publicity, 

Burlington 
James A. Lillis, Vice-Chairman, 

Rutland 
John W. Hanley, Vice-Chairman, 

St. Albans 
Thomas Magner, Vice-Chairman, 

Burlington 
Thos. B. Wright, Vice-Chairman, 

Burlington 
James Cosgrove, Vice-Chairman, 

St. Johnsbury 



Rt. Rev. Joseph J. Rice, Burlington 

Rev. Joseph F. Gillis, V.G., Burlington 

Rev. T. J. Leonard, Middlebury 

Rev. J. B. McGarry, Winooski 

M. F. Sullivan, St. Albans 

P. F. Howley, Rutland 

James Byrne, Bellows Falls 

John H. Gowdey, Montpelier 

Dr. P. Mahoney, Poultney 

E. B. Corley, Burlington 

Chas. F. Mann, Brattleboro 

J. P. Kelley, Burlington 

S. M. Driscoll, St. Albans 

John W. Sheehy, Essex Junction 

P. J. Prendergast, Bennington 

Dr. J. J. Dervan, Poultney 

E. O. Mitiguy, Burlington 

D. J. Casey, Burlington 



STATE COMMITTEES 39 

Y^RMO^T— Continued 

Honorary Vice-Chairman National Council 
Hon. J. Hartness, Governor, Montpelier 

National Council 
Maurice Walsh, St. Albans Michael Magiff, St. Albans 

Patrick E. McAuliffe, Burlington 

VIRGINIA 

State Headquarters 
13 North Seventh Street, Richmond 

State Committee 

Samuel L. Kelley, Chairman, C, A. McHugh, Richmond 

Richmond Daniel C. O'Flaherty, Richmond 

John W. Moore, Richmond J. M. Dart, Richmond 

A. H. Felthaus, Richmond John M. Miller, Richmond 

Hon. George Ainslie, Richmond W. H. Schwarzschild, Richmond 
John J. Blake, Richmond 

Honorary Vice-Cfiairman National Council 
Hon. Westmoreland Davis, Governor, Richmond 

National Council 
Daniel C. O'Flaherty, Richmond Hon. Geo. Ainslie, Richmond 

John Burke, Richmond John Miller, Richmond 

WASHINGTON 

State Headquarters 
318 L. C. Smith Building, Seattle 

State Committee 

William Pigott, Chairman, Seattle J. B. Fogarty, Everett 

James P. Gleason, Treasurer John Boyle, Tacoma 

Edward J. Coen, Secretary Rt. Rev. A. F. Schinner, D. D., 
John T. Heflfernan Bishop of Spokane 

Patrick McCoy D. W. Twohy, Spokane 

Patrick Casey C. J. Fairhurst 

James Twohy Maurice D. Leehey 

Napoleon Campbell W. L. O'Connell 

Frank M. Sullivan S. A. Keenan 

George Donworth Ralph Gemmill 

T, C. McHugh John L. Fitzpatrick 
Rt. Rev. Edward J. O'iDea, D. D., Thos. F. Hunt 

Bishop of Seattle John J. Sullivan 

Daniel Kelleher Rev. J. G. Stafford 

George Danz John F. Murphy 

J. W. Hughes John F. Keenan 

Frank McDermott George Gemmill 

M. J. Henehan James A. Kane 

Thomas Bordeaux Patrick Burns, Vancouver, B. C. 

P. J. McHugh Dominic Bums, Vancouver, B. C. 
J. J. Donovan, Bellingham 

National Council 
William Pigott, Seattle Daniel Kelleher, Seattle 

D. W. Twohy, Spokane 



40 A. C. R. I. REPORT 

WEST VIRGINIA 

State Headquarters 
Carroll Club, Wheeling 

State Committee 
Thomas J. Gillooly, Chairman, Weston 
H. J. Hoffman, Vice-Chairman, H. W. Traynor, Treasurer, 

Wheeling Thomas 

National Council 
Thomas J. Gillooly, Weston Dr. J. A. Striebich, Moundsville 

A. E. Kelly, Huntington T. J. Kirwin, Charleston 

James E. Reilly, Huntington H. W. Traynor, Thomas 

O. J. King, Elicins J. A. Donohue, Bluefield 

F. E. Shoulte, Piedmont 



WISCONSIN 

State Heiadquarters 
Majestic Building, Milwaukee 

State CoMMiTTEE 

Chas. O'Hara, Chairman, Milwaukee Hon. Martin Lueck, Juneau 

John E. Reilly, Treasurer, Milwaukee John F. Martin, Green Bay 

Miss Helen E. Reilly, Secretary Rt Rev. S. G. Messmer, D.D., 

Hon. John J. Blaine, Governor Archbishop of Milwaukee 

T. M. Bowler, Sheboygan J. E. MoCabe, Superior 

J. M. Callahan, Milwaukee Hon. Francis E. McGovern, Milwaukee 

A. J. Clarke, Milwaukee Rev. Herbert C. Noonan, S.J., 

E. J. Dempsey, Oshkosh Milwaukee 

Hon. Christian Doerfler, Milwaukee Hon. E. L. Phillip, Milwaukee 

John F. Doherty, La Crosse Hon. W. B. Quinlan, Marinette 

Dr. E. Evans, La Crosse W. F. Shea, Ashland 

D. H. Grady, Portage Rt. Rev. Paul D. Rhode, D.D. 

Rabbi Samuel Hirshberg, Milwaukee James Sheridan, Janesville 

Gustave Keller, Appleton Rt. Rev. Msgr. C. J. Weber, Superior 

Chas. Knoerschild, Milwaukee Frank J. Weber, Milwaukee 

Louis M. Kotecki, Milwaukee Roy P. Wilcox, Eau Claire 

Rt. Rev. Msgr. A, P. Kremer, La Crosse 

Honorary Vice-Chairman National Council 
Hon. John J. Blaine, Governor 

National Council 

Charles O'Hara, Milwaukee 

Most Rev. S. G. Messmer, D.D., Milwaukee 



STATE COMMITTEES 41 

WYOMING 

State Headquarters 
Kemmerer 

State Committee 

Patrick J. Quealy, Chairman, H. P. Hyndes, Cheyenne 

Kemmerer John Mahoney, Rawlins 

Hon. Patrick Sullivan, Casper Earl Haggerty, Evanston 

Patrick O'Connor, Casper Joe Kenney, Cokeville 

John Dillon, Lander Thomas D. O'Neil, Big Piney 

R. A. Keenan, Sheridan Rt. Rev. Patrick McGovern, Cheyenne, 
Joseph Sullivan, Laramie Bishop of Wyoming 

National Council 
Patrick J. Quealy, Kemmerer Joseph Sullivan, Laramie 

R. A. Keenan, Sheridan H. P. Hyndes, Cheyenne 

John Mahoney, Rawlins 



42 A. C. R. I. REPORT 

SECTION II. 

AMERICAN COMMITTEE FOR RELIEF IN IRELAND 

TREASURER'S REPORT 
Receipts and Disbursements from the Commencement to August 17, 1922 

RECEIPTS 

Contributions and Donations — Schedule "A" $5,069,194.39 

Contributions to Relief Fund $5,021,694.39 

Donations to Expense Fund 47,500.00 



Interest, etc on Investments 72,039.93 

Interest on Bank Balances — 'Domestic and Foreign... 41,382.23 

National Committee Dinner 39,250.25 

Sales of Relief Stamps 508.89 

Sales of Office Furniture, etc 905.63 

Refunds of Advances to Local Committees for Ex- 
penses 112,620.70 

Less: Advances Made by National Committee 112,405-27 215.43 



Total $5,223,496.75 



DISBURSEMENTS 

Relief Work $4,986,700.53 

Remittances to Treasurer Irish White Cross — 

Schedule "B" $4,929,353.70 

Expenditures by A. C. R. I. Representatives sent 

to Ireland— Schedule "C" 57,346.83 



Expenses of National Executive Committee — Schedule "D" — 

Part 2 190,664.06 

National Committee Dinner Expenditures 8,327.75 



Total Disbursements $5,185,692.34 

Balance— Cash on Deposit^Central Union Trust Co. of N. Y 37,804.41 

To Credit of Relief Fund $34,993.86 

To Credit of Expense Fund 2,810.55 



Total $5,223,496.75 



Approved : 
Certified Correct: John J. Pulleyn, 

Edward J. McPike, Treasurer. 

(Certified Public Accountant), 
Assistant Treasurer. 

AUDITOR'S CERTIFICATB 

W« have audited the account* of the Treasurer of the National Executive Committee of the American 
Committee for Relief In Ireland stated above. The contributions and donations have been compared with 
duplicates of acknowledgments Lssued for the Treasurer and with reports from Local Committees; the mli- 
eellaneous receipts have been verified with Bank Statements and otiier data; the payments have been vouched 
with acknowlcdRments received from Mr. James 0. Douglas or other satisfactory evidence and the expenses 
with duly approved bills. In our opinion the above statement gives a true account of the Treasurer'i 

receipts and payments. 

(Signed) PATTERSON, TEBLE AND DENNIS. 

September 18, 1922. AccountanU and Auditors. 



A. C. R. I. REPORT 43 

SCHEDULE "A" 

AMERICAN COMMITTEE FOR RELIEF IN IRELAND 

TREASURER'S REPORT 

Contributions and Donations from the Commencement to August 17, 1922 



Quota 

American Red Cross 

Alabama $ 5,000.00 

Alaska 

Arizona 10,000.00 

Arkansas 5,000.00 

California, ^Northern 500,000.00 

California, Southern 300,000.00 

Canal Zone 

Canada 

Colorado 75,000.00 

Connecticut 100,000.00 

Delaware 10,000,00 

District of Columbia 50,000.00 

Florida 5,000.00 

Foreign 

Georgia 10,000.00 

Idaho 10,000.00 

Illinois 1,000,000.00 

Indiana 350,000.00 

Iowa 100,000.00 

Kansas 50,000.00 

Kentucky 50,000,00 

Louisiana 25,000.00 

Maine 25,000.00 

Maryland 100,000.00 

Massachusetts 1,500,000.00 

Mexico 

Michigan 350,000.00 

Minnesota 75,000.00 

Mississippi 5,000.00 

Missouri 500,000.00 

Montana 50,000.00 

Nebraska 20,000.00 

Nevada 10,000.00 

New Hampshire 35,000.00 

New Jersey 250,000.00 

New York State 1,000,000.00 

New York City— iManhatta.n. 
New York City — Brooklyn... 

New York City— Bronx ) 1,000,000.00 

New York City — ^Queens 

New York City — ^Richmond / 

Total New York City. . . 

New Mexico 10,000.00 202.50 2.03 



Total 


Percentage 


Credit 


of Quota 


100,000.00 


.... 


8,041.01 


160.82 


402.50 





13,930.19 


139.30 


547.55 


10.95 


198,258.92 


39.65 


132,190.00 


44.06 


4,225.50 


.... 


1,242.59 




46,075.14 


61.44 


358,508.49 


358.51 


11,419.55 


114.20 


84,720.87 


169.44 


7,798.10 


155.96 


441.00 




18,346.74 


183.47 


11,108.69 


111.09 


330,533.90 


33.05 


58,103.87 


16.60 


19,855.04 


19.86 


53,796.88 


107.59 


36,574.80 


73.15 


18,925.24 


75.70 


39,287.71 


157.15 


25,612.94 


25.61 


734,058.66 


48.93 


7,570.00 


• • • • 


110,173.99 


31.48 


34,106.95 


45.47 


2,383.00 


47.66 


135,855.53 


27.17 


45,446.19 


90.89 


30,735.22 


153.68 


3,565.81 


35.66 


74,165.88 


211.90 


226,476.76 


90.59 


240,252.03 


24,03 


( 679,918.88 \ 




152,090.26 / 




52,930.79) 


95.23 


47,595.57 \ 




I 19,815.59 ; 




952,351.09 





44 A. C. R. I. REPORT 

SCHEDULE "A"— Continued 

AMERICAN COMMITTEE FOR RELIEF IN IRELAND 
TREASURER'S REPORT 

Total Percentage 

Quota Credit of Quota 

North Carolina 12,500.00 

North Dakota 5,000.00 

Ohio 500,000.00 

Oklahoma 100,000.00 

Oregon 50,000.00 

Pennsylvania 1,500,000.00 

Rhode Island 50,000.00 

South Carolina 12,500.00 

South Dakota 5,000.00 

Tennessee 25,000.00 

Texas 100.000.00 

Utah 30,000.00 

Vermont 50,000.00 

Virginia 25,000.00 

Washington 75,000.00 

West Virginia 25,000.00 

Wisconsin 50,000.00 

Wyoming 10,000.00 

Unallotted Quota 30,000.00 

Totals $10,240,000.00 



2,527.58 


20.22 


2,666.38 


53.33 


179,335.94 


35.87 


25,886.23 


25.89 


24,604.26 


49.21 


210,797.65 


14.05 


157,941.53 


315.88 


752.67 


6.02 


5,187.54 


103.75 


20,702.83 


8281 


46,102.39 


46.10 


14,243.76 


47.48 


26,483.64 


5297 


27,072.60 


108.29 


41,641.73 


55.52 


27,811.33 


111.24 


61,776.98 


123.55 


16,368.52 


163.69 


$5,069,194.39 


49.50 



A. C. R. I. REPORT 



45 



SCHEDULE "B" 

AMERICAN COMMITTEE FOR RELIEF IN IRELAND 

TREASURER'S REPORT 

Remittances to Mr. James G. Douglas, Treasurer Irish White Cross, from 

the Commencement to August 17, 1922 



Date English 

1921 Currency 

Jan. 7 £6,849 

21 10,000 

Feb. 11 10,000 

25 16,000 

Mar. 28 10,000 

Apr. 9 10,000 

13 10,000 

27 2,531 

28 30,000 

May 12 15,000 

18 15,000 

22 15,000 

27 15,000 

June 3 15,000 

10 15,000 

17 15,000 

24 15,000 

30 15,000 

July 8 15,000 

Sept. 2 100,000 

9 15,000 

19 15,000 

26 65,000 

Oct. 3 15,000 

3 50,000 

4 50,000 

24 15,000 

31 15,000 

Nov. 1 14,999 

1 1 

14 246 

29 70,000 

Dec. 16 15.000 

19.. 75,000 

1922 

Jan. 6 15,000 

13 15,000 

20 15,000 

27 15,000 

Fdb. 3 15,000 

15 30,000 

20 15,000 

23 50,000 

27 15,000 

Mar. 10 60,000 



American 
Currency 



6s. 



4(1. 



6s. 
IBs. 



8d. 
3d. 



$25,000.00 
37,812.50 
38,943.75 
61,980.00 
39,237.50 
39,050.00 
39,062.50 
9,997.45 

118,762.50 
59,676.56 
59,925.00 
59,981.25 
58,153.12 
58,293.75 
56,550.00 
56,831.25 
56,025.00 
55,931.25 
55,701.56 

372,062.50 
55,818.75 
55,725.00 

242,364.06 
55,959.37 

186,953.12 

187,062.50 

59,221.87 

58,968.75 

58,796.08 

5.23 

1,000.00 

279,521.87 
62,578.12 

314,789.06 

62,995.31 
63,459.38 
63,159.37 
63,590.62 
64,490.62 

130,537.50 
65,887.50 

220,773.43 
66,553.12 

261,637.50 



46 A. C. R. I. REPORT 

SCHEDULE "B"— Continued 

AMERICAN COMMITTEE FOR RELIEF IN IRELAND 
TREASURER'S REPORT 

Date English American 

1922 Currency Currency 

A^r. 17 30,000 $132,618.75 

24 15,000 66,403.13 

May 1 15,000 66,412.50 

May 11 15,000 66,684.37 

15 15.000 66,721.88 

22 15,000 66,721.87 

29 15,000 66,731.25 

June 5 15,000 67,556.25 

12 15,000 67,387.50 

16 15,000 66,965.63 

28 30,000 132,075.00 

Total Remitted to Ireland. .£ 1,210,627 lis. 3d. $4,907,103.70 
July 1 Interest received on un- 
distributed funds in Ireland 5,000 22,250.00 

Total £1.215,627 lis. 3d. $4,929,353.70 

The above includes restricted contributions amounting to $14,449.00. 



SCHEDULE "C" 

AMERICAN COMMITTEE FOR RELIEF IN IRELAND 

TREASURER'S REPORT 

Expenditures — 'Re-relief in Ireland of representatives sent to Ireland by the 

Committee from the Commencement to August 17, 1922 

Nature of Expenditures English Currency U. S. Currency 

£ s. d. 

Cables, Telegrams and Telephones 668 19 9 $3,394.16 

Charity Relief and Miscellaneous Ex- 
penditures 85 6 Oy2 333.18 

Newspapers, Magazines, Books and Maps.. 90 3 1 352.14 

Office Furniture and Fixtures 56 8 2 220.33 

Office Rent 185 17 1 725.92 

Office Salaries 438 8 1,712.34 

Office Supplies and Expenses 189 12 1 740.57 

Photographs 226 16 7 885.96 

Publicity 91 355.44 

Relief 32 7 5 126.44 

Salaries and Home Allowances 5,458 1 11 21,318.64 

Traveling and Maintenance 6,959 3 8^^ 27,181.71 

Total £14,682 3s. lOd- $57,346.83 



A. C. R. I. REPORT 47 

SCHEDULE "D" 
AMERICAN COMMITTEE FOR RELIEF IN IRELAND 

TREASURER'S REPORT 

Statement as of August 17, 1922, showing (1) Credits applicable to Expenses 
of National Committee, (2) Expenses incurred by National Committee, and 
(3) Surplus in Expense Fund. 



(1) Credits Applicable to Expenses $193,474.61 

Interest, etc., on Investments $ 72,039.93 

Interest on Bank Balances — Domestic and Foreign. 41,382.23 

Donations to Expense Fund 47,500.00 

A. C. R. I. National Dinner $39,262.00 

Less : Dinner Expenses 8,339.50 

30,922.50 

Sales of Office Furniture, etc.. .: 905.63 

Sales of Relief Stamps 508.89 

Refund of Advances to Local Committees 

for Expenses 112,620.70 

Less : Advances made by National Com- 
mittee 112,405.27 215.43 

$193,474.61 

(2) Expenses of National Committee $190,664.06 

Salaries $77,918.83 

Printing and Advertising — Publicity 39,102.67 

Publicity Agency Service 7,600.00 

Printing-^Ordinary 2,545.23 

Cables, Telegrams, Telephones and Messenger Service 13,908.73 

Traveling Expenses — 'Domestic 11,704.52 

A. C. R. I. Buttons 8,245.24 

Books, Stationery and Office Expenses 6,913.44 

Postage and Expressage 5,522.94 

Office Furniture and Fixtures 2,547.90 

Rent— Secretary's Office— 1 West 34th St., N. Y. City 4,100.00 
Rent-^Secretary's Office— 8 East 41st St., N. Y. City 787.13 
Rent — 'Theatrical and Motion Picture Division — 

1568 Broadway, New York City 600.00 

Miscellaneous 8,967.43 

$190,664.06 

(3) Surplus in Expense Fund Credits $2,810.55 



48 A. C. R. I. REPORT 

SECTION III. 
ORIGIN AND HISTORY OF A. C. R. I. 

The American Committee for Relief in Ireland was organized 
in New York City in December, 1920. 

Previous to this time our daily newpapers were continually 
printing stories of hardship and distress in Ireland. Requests had 
been made to America for help, and finally the clergy of Ireland 
made a united appeal in the name of humanity for aid for their dis- 
tressed people. 

The purpose of the American Committee for Relief in Ireland, 
as stated in the minutes of the original meeting, was "to devise 
and consider ways and means of relieving the acute distress due 
to the recent (1920) occurrences in that country." 

The appeal to the American public for support, which is 
printed on pages 59 and 60, states the Committee's objective very 
clearly. Its activity was to be purely non-political, non-sectarian, 
and solely humanitarian. The Committee entered on its great 
task to relieve misery and suffering, and won the support of the 
American public of whatever political or religious opinion. 

Committees were formed in every state of the Union to carry 
on the great work of humanity. The state committees organized 
local committees, until finally every part of the United States was 
aiding the cause of the stricken women and children of Ireland. 

In order that the truth of the existing conditions in Ireland 
should be known, the Committee sent a delegation of American 
citizens, all of whom were members of the religious Society of 
Friends, to make an impartial investigation and ascertain to what 
extent the American Committee might be called upon for aid. 

The delegation consisted of Messrs. R. Barclay Spicer, Phila- 
delphia, Pa.; Oren B. Wilbur, Greenwich, N. Y. ; Philip W. Furnas, 
Canby, Ind.; William Price, Philadelphia, Pa.; John C. Baker, 



SECTION III. 49 

Everett, Pa.; and Walter C. Longstreth, Philadelphia, Pa. They 
were accompanied by Messrs. C. J. France, Seattle, Wash., Chair- 
man, and Samuel D. McCoy, New York City, Secretary, and arrived 
in Ireland on February 12, 1921. Their report, which is printed in 
full on pages 62 to 67, was used as the basis of the amount of relief 
work that the Committee might have to furnish. 

Accordingly it was publicly announced that the sum of 
$10,240,000 would be asked from the American public to alleviate 
the misery and want of the women and children in Ireland. 

Each state was allotted an amount it was to raise to carry 
on the relief work, the details of which are given in Schedule "A" 
of the Treasurer's report. It is only necessary to state that on a 
percentage basis Connecticut, with an allotment of $100,000 raised 
$358,508.49 or 358.51% of its quota. Rhode Island was a close 
second with 315.88% of its quota, which was $50,000, its credit 
being $157,941.53. New Hampshire with a quota of $35,000, and 
a credit of $75,165.88 or a percentage of 211.90% was third. 

Considering the amount of money forwarded to the Committee, 
New York state is the leader, being credited with $1,182,365.42, of 
which New York City with a quota of $1,000,000, forwarded 
$942,113.39, or 94.21% of its allotment. The balance of New York 
state with a quota of $1,000,000, has a credit of $240,252.03. 

Massachusetts with a quota of $1,500,000, sent $733,998.66. 
Connecticut, as stated before, gave $358,508.49. 

The late Cardinal Gibbons made an eloquent appeal to Amer- 
ica to heed the distress of the Irish people, and to succor them in 
their hour of trial. The late Cardinal's message is printed on 
page 19. 

The following is a copy of the "Summons to Service" published 
by the National Executive Committee on March 17, 1921, upon the 
opening of the national campaign for funds : 



50 



A. C. R. I. REPORT 



TO ALL AMERICANS 



A SUMMONS TO SERVICE 



TODAY, the Seventeenth of March, 
the gracious, gentle and appealing fig- 
ure of the great missionary, teacher, 
and apostle of the Irish race looms 
before us against the background of 
sixteen centuries. He came not as a 
warrior or a conquerer, not as an 
Alexander or a Caesar, not in military 
pomp or splendor, but in the meek 
and lowly garb of a follower and 
preacher of the gospel of Christianity. 

Sixteen hundred years have come 
and gone since Saint Patrick, without 
fire or fagot, without rack or rope, 
but solely with the gentle suasion of 
the word of God, converted a whole 
people. The light of his benign mis- 
sion of mercy and love still shines 
down the centuries with high hopes of 
ultimate brotherhood for all mankind. 

It is in this spirit that the American 
Committee for Relief in Ireland an- 
nounces the initiation of the nation 
wide campaign for Irish Relief on the 
anniversary of Saint Patrick. Trust- 
worthy information from all sources 
shows that the people of Ireland are 



drmking the dregs of human suffering 
to a still greater degree even than Bel- 
gium during the great war. Property 
is being everywhere destroyed, houses 
and homes wrecked and devastated, 
and the aged and the infirm, the 
women and the children, are the chief 
sufferers. We are not concerned with 
the causes of this suffering, our appeal 
is solely humanitarian, absolutely non- 
sectarian, and strictly non-political. 

We confidently appeal, therefore, to 
the great heart of America. As Amer- 
ica succored Belgium so will she come 
to the aid of stricken Ireland. Our 
cause is the cause of humanity, our sole 
purpose to alleviate human suffering. 
Our faith is in the American people. 
Ten millions of dollars must be raised 
within the next few weeks to meet the 
conditions we have just described. We 
call upon America to contribute to this 
great cause to the end that want and 
famine and disease, the fearful after- 
math of war, may not overwhelm a 
whole people. 



SIGNED: EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE; 



MORGAN J. O'BRIEN, 

Chairman 
J. Cardinal Gibbons 
Jane Addams 
Elisabeth Marbury 
Hon. Josephus Daniels 
William Randolph Hearst 
George IJ. Cortelyou 
Hon. O. H. Shoup, 

Governor of Colorado 
Hon. Lee M. Russell, 

Governor of Mississippi 
Hon. Edwin P. Morrow, 
Governor of Kentucky 

Make checks payable to 



Charles G. Dawes 
David Starr Jordan 
Bernard M. Baruch 
Henry Morgenthau 
Charles Nagel 
Medill MjcCormick, 

Honorary Vice-Chairmen 
Senator Thomas J. Walsh 
Senator David I. Walsh 
Senator James D. Phelan 
Thomas F. Ryan 
Nicholas F. Brady 
John D. Ryan 
Edward L. Doheny 



James J. Phelan 
Lawrence Godkin 
John Quinn 
Martin J. Gillen 
Thomas J. Maloney 
J. W. McConaughy 
William P. Larkin 
James A. Flaherty 
Joseph C. Pelletier 
Bishop Michael J. Gallagher 
John F. Lucey, 

N.itional Director 
John J. Pulleyn. Treasurer 
Richard Campbell, 

Secretary 



JOHN J. PULLEYN, Treasurer 
AMERICAN COMMITTEE FOR RELIEF IN IRELAND 



SECTION III. 51 

As will be noted in schedule "C" of the Treasurer's report, re- 
mittances were made to Ireland almost from the inception of the 
Committee. Mr. Edward L. Doheny, Los Angeles, Cal., placed at 
the committees disposal $250,000, in order that the relief work 
might begin even before funds were collected from the public. 

Accordingly on January 7, 1921, there was cabled to Ireland 
$25,000, which was to be used for the relief of suffering and distress 
in the City of Cork and surrounding country, and in the City of 
Belfast. It was understood by the Committee that the need at 
that time was greatest in the centres just mentioned. The money 
was intrusted for distribution to Mr. James G. Douglas, of Dublin, 
Ireland. 

Mr. Douglas is a prominent merchant of Dublin, a member of 
the religious Society of Friends, and is held in the highest esteem 
by all classes of people of whatever religious or political affiliation. 
He was later chosen to be the Honorary Treasurer of the Irish 
White Cross. 

Unknown to the people here there was founded in Ireland at 
this time, (December, 1920), a society or committee known as the 
Irish White Cross. Like the American Committee for Relief in 
Ireland, it was organized solely for the relief of suffering and dis- 
tress in Ireland, and its members were representatives of practic- 
ally every shade of political and religious belief of the people 
there. As stated in their report, "They were actuated solely by 
humanitarian motives, for they were convinced that the relief of 
human suffering was a moral duty binding on every citizen, irre- 
spective of political or religious creed." 

The American Committee decided at an early date to distribute 
its relief through the Irish White Cross, as it was realized that 
this society covered the whole of Ireland, and being on the ground, 
the distribution cost of affording relief would be very small. This 
fact is borne out by the report of the Irish White Cross (page 56), 
which states that the "expenses were less than one per cent of the 
amount expended for relief." 



52 A. C. R. I. REPORT 

The origin and membership of the Irish White Cross are 
printed in full in this report and are taken verbatim from their 
Report to August 31, 1922. Due to lack of space the personnel 
of its 600 committees, the members of which, who served mostly 
without pay, is omitted. Much credit and thanks are due them for 
their unselfish devotion to the cause of succoring the needy in the 
hour of distress. 

In many parts of the United States, contributions were so- 
licited and forwarded to the National Treasurer before the official 
time set for raising funds. The monies thus collected were, im- 
mediately used to relieve cases of acute distress then prevailing in 
Ireland. Among the localities raising funds in advance were. The 
Archdiocese of New York; New York City Committee; James 
Butler Employees Mutual Benefit Association, New York City; 
New York State Commission for Relief of Suffering in Ireland; 
Cambria County Committee, Pennsylvania; and the State Com- 
mittee of Delaware. 

The committee is deeply indebted to the Archbishop of New 
York, Most Rev. Patrick J. Hayes, D.D,, for the generous support 
given the committee in his Archdiocese. He actively espoused the 
committee's cause and had the churches of his diocese take up a 
collection which exceeded $110,000. 

The committee also wishes to thank Mr. George H. (Tex) 
Rickard, who donated the use of Madison Square Garden (New 
York City) for a boxing tournament, the proceeds of which in- 
creased the Irish Relief Fund by over $65,000. 

The hierarchy, clergy and members of the Catholic Church 
rendered great assistance to the Committee by organizing local 
committees and soliciting and contributing funds for relief. The 
Knights of Columbus, the Benevolent Protective Orders of Elks, 
the Friends of Irish Freedom, the American Association for the 
Recognition of the Irish Republic, the Ancient Order of Hiber- 
nians and many other organizations materially assisted in aiding 
the fund for the relief of the women and children of Ireland. 



SECTION III. 53 

After the committee began to function, it was realized that 
considerable advertising space and bill posting would be necessary 
to bring the committee's appeal for aid before the American public. 
This difficulty was ably solved by Mr. Peter J. Carey of New York, 
who magnanimously donated all the posters and relief placards 
used during the drive for funds. Through his efforts and without 
cost to the committee, there was also placed at its disposal, adver- 
tising space throughout the United States. 

At its inception, the Executive Committee, adopted the policy 
that all relief funds transmitted to it, should be used solely for 
relief work; in other words, there would be no deduction made for 
the expenses of the National Executive Committee. This led to 
the adoption of "All for Relief Work." How well this policy was 
carried out will be seen from the Treasurer's report, Schedule "D," 
in which the Credits to, and the Expenditures from the Expense 
Fund are itemized. The members of the National Executive Com- 
mittee personally made donations to the expense fund, and the 
total of their donations, with the other credits slightly exceeded the 
expenses. 

The Treasurer's office from the inception of the Committee was 
located at 51 Chambers Street, New York City, at the offices of the 
Emigrant Industrial Savings Bank, of which our Treasurer, Mr. 
John J. Pulleyn, is the President. The office force was under the 
direction of the Assistant Treasurer, Mr. Edward J. McPike, Certi- 
fied Public Accountant, New York State. 

The headquarters of the Secretary, Hon. Richard Campbell, 
were originally located at 1 West 34th Street, then at 8 East 41st 
Street. He then consolidated his office with that of the Treasurer 
at 51 Chambers Street, New York City. The Secretary's office 
force was under the supervision of the Assistant Secretary, Mr. 
James A. Healy. 

The Theatrical and Motion Picture Division with headquarters 
at 1568 Broadway, was under the supervision of Mr. Joseph B. 
Maxwell. This division held on April 3, 1921, a benefit performance 
at the Metropolitan Opera House, New York City, which was very 



^"^ A. C. R. I. REPORT 

successful and was the occasion of the committee's work receiving 
the hearty approval and endorsement of President Harding 
Benefit performances were also given under the auspices of this 
division, at Atlantic City, N. J.; Philadelphia, Pa. ; Pittsburgh Pa • 
and Buffalo, N. Y. The funds subscribed were credited to the Com- 
mmees where the performances were held. 

Too much cannot be said of the unselfish devotion to the cause 
of humanity shown by the members of the American Stage. All 
of the performers gave their services free at the Metropolitan 
Opera House performance, as well as at those given in the four 
cities mentioned above. 

It is also proper that the name of John McCormack, Ireland's 
great son and tenor should be given special mention for the time 
and effort he so unsparingly gave to the committee's work, and 
for the large amount of funds he raised for relief by his personal 
concerts given in the cities of New York, Chicago, and Boston. 

The National Committee held a National Dinner in New York 
City, at the Hotel Astor on May 26, 1921. It was well 
attended by people from all sections of the United States 
and was a fitting climax to the committee's activities. 
Among the guests present were. The Right Honorable Alderman 
L. O'Neill, Lord Mayor of Dublin, and Mr. R. A. Anderson, who 
were in the United States as a Delegation of the Irish White Cross 
to confer with the American Committee concerning the disburse- 
ment of relief funds in Ireland. 

Special mention should be made of the members of the Na- 
tional Executive Committee of which Hon. Morgan J. OBrien is 
chairman. The time and energy given so unsparingly by all the 
members of this committee deserve no uncertain praise. Al- 
though ranking high in the commercial life of the country and 
therefore beset with many interests, no work was too great, no task 
too small to gain their personal time and attention. 

Leaders in every walk of life in all parts of the United States 
served in some capacity or other on either the State or Local 
Committees. It is therefore fitting and just that the National 



SECTION III. 55 

Executive Committee express its sincere thanks and appreciation 
for the unselfish devotion, and almost unlimited time given by the 
members of all committees, their workers and contributors. The 
American Committee for Relief in Ireland is proud to have been 
associated with all those who so nobly served humanity's cause. 

Great credit is due to the members of the Managing Committee 
for their untiring effort to make the work of the Committee a suc- 
cess. The committee was composed of Messrs. Hon. Richard Camp- 
bell, John J. Pulleyn, Thomas J. Maloney, J. W. McConaughy 
and Captain John F. Lucey, the latter being the National Director 
during March and April, 1921. 

Realizing that proper and adequate check should be kept on 
all receipts and disbursements, the National Treasurer John J. 
Pulleyn, in conjunction with the Assistant Treasurer Edward J. 
McPike, C.P.A., devised and installed a thorough system of ac- 
counting and office procedure for use by the National, State and 
Local Committees, and proper accounts and records were kept under 
their direction to show all the activities of the Committee. These 
accounts were audited by Patterson, Teele and Dennis, Public 
Accountants and Auditors, and their report is in exact agreement 
with the Treasurer's. Their certificate is attached to the state- 
ment of Receipts and Disbursements, on page 42. 

For the purpose of easy comparison, the funds transmitted to 
Ireland are shown in both English and American Currency. 

The details of the distribution of the relief fund are printed in 
full in the report of the Irish White Cross, and are therefore omitted 
from this report. 

Mr. John J. Pulleyn, Treasurer and Hon. Richard Campbell, 
Secretary visited Ireland in October, 1921, in connection with the 
work of the American Committee for Relief in Ireland. 
On their departure for America the Irish Plenipotentiaries 
then engaged in London in negotiating the Irish Treaty, gave the 
following letter to the representatives of the American Committee 
which expresses more fully than can be narrated here, the public 
expression of gratitude of the Irish people for the relief given by 
America : 



56 A. C. R. I. REPORT 

"Irish Delegation of Plenipotentiaries, 
"Secretariat, 
"22 Hans Place, S. W., 

"29th October, 1921. 
"To 

"Judge Campbell and Mr. J. J. Pulleyn, 

"On their departure to America, October 30th, 1921. 

"The Irish Delegates now engaged in negotiations for peace 
wish to express to you, and ask you to convey to the other members 
of the American Committee for Relief in Ireland, the profound 
gratitude which they, in common with their fellow-countrymen, 
feel toward the Committee, and all those in the United States who 
have contributed to its funds, for the generous assistance sent to 
Ireland for the relief of the suffering, loss and misery incurred by 
the Irish people in their struggle for national independence. 

"We also take the opportunity of expressing our appreciation 
of the able and devoted work done in Ireland on behalf of your 
committee by Messrs. France and McCoy and those associated 
with them. 

"It is not only that the material aid you have organized has 
been of incalculable benefit, you and your friends have helped to 
sustain the spirit of our people, and to make them realize that your 
great nation stood beside them with encouragement, sympathy and 
hope in the terrible ordeal undergone in the efforts to save their 
national institutions and the very fabric of their national life from 
destruction. 

"Once more we thank you for all that your humane interven- 
tion has meant for our people, and heartily wish you God-speed. 

"Beir buaidh agus beannacht, 

"Arthur Griffith. 
"Michael Collins. 
"George Gavan Duffy. 
"R. C. Barton. 
"Eamonn Duggan." 



SECTION IV. 57 

SECTION IV. 

ORIGIN AND PERSONNEL OF THE IRISH WHITE CROSS 

The Irish White Cross Society was organized to cope with 
the distress and destitution resulting in Ireland from the war caused 
by the determination of the Irish people to assert their right to 
nationhood. This war in its intensified form began about the 
middle of 1920, and by the close of that year its consequences in 
human suffering for the Irish people were on a scale so large that 
relief work transcended altogether the efforts of private charity. It 
early became apparent that a central organization was called for 
to combine and systematize private efforts, and so to extend their 
sphere and efficacy. Towards the end of 1920 a body of men 
and women came together, on the invitation of, and under the 
chairmanship of, the Right Hon, the Lord Mayor of Dublin, to 
consider how it was possible to alleviate the great amount of suf- 
fering that, even at that date, had resulted from the Irish conflict. 
These men and women were representative of practically every 
section of the political and religious beliefs of the Irish com- 
munity — except, indeed, of the Orange and Unionist parties of 
the North-East corner. They were actuated solely by humani- 
tarian motives, for they were convinced that the relief of human 
suffering was a moral duty binding on every citizen, irrespective 
of political or religious creed,^ In Ireland, owing to the special 
circumstances of her history, the lines of social, political, and re- 
ligious cleavage cut more deeply than in other countries, and, as 
a rule, the resulting animosities render difficult co-operation for na- 
tional purposes. In the case of the Irish White Cross this diffi- 
culty never made itself felt. From the first its members devoted 
themselves to their humanitarian work, unhampered by their pri- 
vate views on the issue in the Irish conflict. As private citizens 
they differed fundamentally on that issue; in their corporate capac- 
ity their sole function was to work for the relief of their suffering 
fellow-countrymen. That .they have succeeded in their task is 
proved by the fact that, widely as they differed among themselves 
on public matters, not one of them resigned from the Society, while 
no complaint was ever made by any of them, that the work of the 
organization had ever been deflected in any respect from the purely 
charitable line laid down for it at the time of its foundation. 

The names of the Officers of the Society, of the Trustees, of 
the Members of the Standing Executive, of the General Council, 
and of the Managing Committee are given at the beginning of this 
report. The President of the Society was His Eminence, Cardinal 
Logue, Archbishop of Armagh and Primate of all Ireland. On the 
General Council there were two Catholic Archbishops; two Bish- 



58 A. C. R. I. REPORT 

ops of the Protestant Church of Ireland; the Chief Rabbi of the 
Jewish community of Dublin ; an ex-President of the Irish Metho- 
dist Conference; leading Dublin members of the Religious Society 
of Friends ; the Lord Mayors and Mayors of nine Irish cities and 
towns; several members of Dail Eireann; representatives of or- 
ganized labor; a member of the British House of Lords, and many 
prominent figures in the professional and commercial life of Ire- 
land. From the beginning the Chairman of the Council was the 
Right Hon. L. O'Neill, Lord Mayor of Dublin, whose position 
brought him into close touch with the events that made the So- 
ciety necessary. Thus, the organization was thoroughly repre- 
sentative of all that is best and most characteristic in the life of 
Ireland. 

At the time the Society was founded the terrorist policy was 
at its height. Already more than 1,000 houses — homesteads, shops, 
farm-buildings — had been destroyed, whereby 1,000 families were 
left without homes. Creameries and factories had been ruined, 
thus causing widespread dislocation in the economic life of the 
areas they served, with consequent acute distress and poverty. 
Many people had been killed or maimed, or dragged from their 
families to be confined in prisons or internment camps. And it 
must be remembered that the victims of this policy were mainly 
the non-combatant population. In addition to these victims of the 
policy of terrorism by the British, there were the victims of the 
frenzied outbursts of violence in Belfast, in consequence of which 
some 10,000 workers had been expelled from the factories and 
workshops of that city, and their homes destroyed and looted. 

As a result of all this violence there were about 100,000 people 
reduced to destitution, with no alternative left to them but the 
support of charity or escape from their miseries by death from 
want and hunger. To help .these destitute people the Irish White 
Cross was founded. For this task funds were needed on a scale 
more extended than it was possible for Ireland herself to provide. 
That these funds were available was due to the organization in the 
United States of the American Committee for Relief in Ireland — 
a list of w^hose members is printed at the beginning of this report. 

No reference to the personnel of the Irish White Cross would 
be complete without a tribute to the energy, efficiency, and cour- 
tesy of the Director of Organization, Henry Kennedy, M.A., D.Sc, 
a member of the staff of University College, Dublin (to which the 
gratitude of the Society is due for enabling it to avail itself of the 
services of Dr. Kennedy), the Acting Secretary, Captain D. L. 
Robinson, D.S.O., and the office staff generally, under their direc- 
tion. The work involved in the management of a large organiza 
tion, such as the Irish White Cross, is so complex that were it not 
for the efficiency of the Director and his staff the Society could 
not have succeeded in its work of relief. 



SECTION V. 59 

SECTION V. 

Appeals for Funds issued by the American Committee for Relief 
in Ireland and by the Irish White Cross. 



APPEAL OF A. C. R. I. TO THE AMERICAN PUBLIC. 

In Ireland to-day thousands of women and children have been 
driven to the pitiful refuge of the fields and open country. Bal- 
briggan, Granard, Tralee, Templemore, Trim, Tobercurry, Lis- 
burn, Thurles, Mallow, and numerous other towns and villages 
have been burned and are partly or wholly in ruins. In Cork alone 
acres of business buildings and homes have been wiped out by fire. 

Over forty creameries, the -co-operative plants of great and 
small communities, built by Irish farmers, have been razed to the 
ground, and the economic units they served have been paralyzed. 

Thousands of workers have been thrown out of employment 
by the burning of factories and creameries, and in consequence of 
the generally disturbed ^conditions in Belfast alone, thirty thousand 
persons, shipyard workers and their families, are on the verge of 
starvation. 

The transportation system has broken down, so that it is 
difficult to distribute even such supplies as are available in Ireland. 

To meet this appalling situation, and to cope with it before it 
reaches a point where it may menace the very existence of the Irish 
people, the Ameerican Committee for Relief in Ireland has been 
formed. This Committee is a non-poMtical ;and non-sectarian 
body, solely humanitarian in aim, which seeks the co-operation of 
all those in whom human suffering evokes sympathy. This Amer- 
ican Committee purposes to supply relief to the women and chil- 
dren in Ireland, without regard to political or religious distinctions, 
through trained relief workers, distributing foodstuffs, clothing, 
building materials, and medical stores. 

The suffering and the helpless in Ireland seek aid from the 
American people, who have never yet refused an appeal from the 
suffering and helpless. To relieve the bitter need of the Irish people, 
we confidejitly appeal for aid to the humanity of America. 

There is little to add to the above, save to point out that Ire- 
land is virtually the only place in the world where the destruction 
of resources has been continuous. To-day industry is paralyzed 
in Ireland, and the greater part of the able-bodied male population 
is leading a hunted and fugitive existence. If present conditions 
continue unrelieved, the Irish race in Ireland faces virtual annni- 
hilation. We are confident that Americans of every class and 



60 A. C. R. I. REPORT 

creed will respond promptly to avert the terrible fate menacing a 
people to whom they are so closely bound by ties of kinship and 
of common heritage. 



APPEAL OF THE IRISH WHITE CROSS. 

The Irish White Cross has been founded in the belief that there 
is work to be done in Ireland for the relief of hardship and suffer- 
ing, and the reconstruction of industry, which must appeal to the 
patriotism of the Irish people as well as to the common humanity 
of all well-wishers of the country throughout the world. In a time 
of political disturbance and violence it is still possible for men and 
women to forget their differences, religious and political alike, and 
to bend all their energies to a constructive effort for the preservation 
of their country. The appeal which we make to-day is made not in 
the name of any section of people, but in the name of humanity; no 
political distinctions exist in suffering, and none must exist in its 
relief. The men and women who constitute the Irish White Cross 
think differently on many things ; they are united by the bond of 
common charity. 

The first appeal must be made to the people of our own country, 
for they can maintain their courage and confidence in this hour of 
distress only by showing their determination to build up whatever 
is destroyed, and to replace every damage which is done to the in- 
dustry and agriculture of Ireland. If we allow our spirit to be con- 
quered by hardship, the future of our country will be dark, indeed. 
It has ever been the pride of the people of this nation to go forward 
through all trials and oppression with undaunted cheerfulness, and 
we should not to-day be found wanting. 

But to our friends overseas we must also appeal, for the need is 
immediate and great beyond our resources. Cities have been 
burned, factories and shops wrecked and plundered, farms and farm- 
buildings, with their stores of crops, destroyed. By these causes, 
and by the death or imprisonment, often without charge or trial, of 
the breadwinners of thousands of families, women and children 
have ibeen brought to the verge of starvation. Unemployment is 
widespread, trade and commerce have been seriously injured and the 
basic industries of the country, such as dairying, are threatened. 
For the repair of all this damage we appeal to those in all countries 
whose capacity to feel pity is not yet deadened. Already in Amer- 
ica the appeal has met with an eager answer, and large sums of 
money and enthusiastic workers are coming forward to repeat in 
Ireland the great work lately done in Belgium and in Central 
Etirope. 



SECTION V. 61 

The Irish White Cross believes that the names of those who 
have associated themselves with it will justify and give confidence 
in the appeal for funds among all well-wishers in whatever country. 
Its policy will be, while recognizing the need for immediate mone- 
tary aid to those in want, to give that aid mainly through recon- 
struction, so that those who have lost their means of livelihood shall 
not also lose their self-respect by becoming pensioners on the charity 
of others. In pursuance of this policy, the General Council has au- 
thorized the Standing Executive Committee to expend or lend funds 
for any of the following purposes : — 

1. The relief of distress and hardship in the case of individuals 
or groups of persons deprived of the means of livelihood. 

2. The restoration or repair of buildings, and the replacement 
or repair of furniture, fittings, machinery, implements, or personal 
effects. 

3. The purchase or provisioh of stock-in-trade or raw materials 
to replace stocks or materials removed or destroyed. 

4. The provision of employment by the organization of works 
or otherwise. 

Parish Committees will be organized tlhroughout Ireland, and 
District Committees where necessary. The local bodies will collect 
money and remit it to the Executive, and they will advise on local 
needs and assist in the distribution of grants. It is intended that 
the work shall be of a truly national character, and shall supple- 
ment and co-ordinate, while in no way destroying, all work of the 
same character which is now being done by local or sectional or- 
ganizations. To relieve acute distress and repair the material dam- 
age in Cork, Belfast, Lisburn, Tipperary, and Clare, to mention 
only a few examples, millions of pounds would be needed. Charity 
and patriotism alike require that we should without delay combine 
our energies and resources, so that the burden which now presses 
grievously on some of our people may be so borne as to exalt us all. 
Laurence O'Neill, 

Chairman. 
L. Smith -Gordon, 

Chairman of Standing Executive Committee. 
James G. Douglas, 

Honorary Treasurer. 
James McNeill, 

Honorary Secretary. 

Mansion House, Dublin, 

26th February, 1921. . 



62 A. C. R. I. REPORT 

SECTION VI. 

Report by the Delegates who visited Ireland in the Spring of 1921 

to the American Committee for Relief in Ireland 

"Your delegation to Ireland respectfully reports that its mem- 
bers arrived in Ireland on February 12th, and, with the exception 
of Mr. France, had left Ireland by March 31st. During these forty- 
nine days members of your delegation conducted an investigation 
into economic distress in Ireland, which, they respectfully submit, 
has not been equalled in scope by any other investigative body, 
either Irish, British, American, or of any other nationality. 

The members of your delegation themselves visited nearly one 
hundred communities in Ireland in which acute distress exists. 
They collected reports as to many other communities from respon- 
sible persons of all shades of political opinion, and also had the co- 
operation of responsible members of the English Society of Friends, 
who visited the devastated communities of Ireland, and were simi- 
larly moved by the distress which they found there existing. 

The members of the delegation visited no less than ninety-five 
cities, towns, villages, and creameries, in which destruction of build- 
ings or property by the military or police forces of the British 
Crown has occurred. 

The places visited range in geographic location from Gortahork, 
on the extreme north-western coast of Ireland, to Timoleague, on 
the extreme southern coast; from Dublin, in the east, to Clifden 
and Aran Islands, in the west. They are located in twenty-two of 
the thirty-two counties of Ireland. 

In the ninety-five places visited there occurred 90 per cent, of 
the material damage to property owned by the civil population, 
which has been recorded during the twelve months ending March 
31st, 1921. 

Your delegation viewed this damage personally, and personally 
collected on the spot evidence as to the value of the property des- 
troyed. In addition, written statements from reliable sources were 
supplied to your delegation regarding material damage in the small 
number of afflicted communities which they were unable to visit. 

Summarizing this data in regard to material damage and per- 
sonal distress, your delegation reports that the material damage to 
Irish shop-buildings, factories, creameries, and private dwelling- 
houses, inflicted by the British forces during the past twelve months, 
amounts approximately to $20,000,000; that without reductions in 
the cost of labor and materials the cost of replacing the buildings 
will be approximately $25,000,000. 

The number of buildings which have been damaged or partially 
or wholly destroyed within the past twelve months, and which we 
have viewed, is upwards of 600. Irish Republican statistics place 



SECTION VI. 63 

the number of property units destroyed at upwards of 2,000, but 
this includes not only buildings, but individual shops in buildings, 
their contents, isolated farm buildings, hayricks, etc. 

Homes Destroyed. 

The destruction of buildings in 150 towns in so small a country 
as Ireland is relatively as serious as the destruction of buildings in 
5,000 towns and villages would be in so large a country as the 
United States. 

Our own general estimate of $20,000,000 (£5,000,000) damage 
throughout Ireland, arrived at from our investigations on the 
ground, coincides substantially with the total figures collected by 
Irish Republican statisticians, and, it should be noted, is less by 
$8,000,000 than the estimate given us by a responsible Crown offi- 
cial, who is informed in regard to the data in the possession of the 
Crown estimate at £7,000,000. 

The distress which we ourselves witnessed in the ninety-five 
communities which we visited, and which is scattered throughout 
Ireland, is, we here emphasize, a distress quite separate and distinct 
from that distress in Ireland which arises from unemployment due 
to a general trade depression, such as may be observed in countries 
throughout the world ; it is separate and distinct from the distress 
arising from long-continued poverty, such as may be observed in 
the slums of New York or Chicago or London ; it is wholly separate 
and distinct from the economic distress of Irish women and children 
whose male relatives may be engaged in active armed opposition to 
the British military forces operating in Ireland, and whose male 
relatives, thus being unable to engage in their ordinary industrial 
avocations, leave their families in want. 

The distress we are here dealing with is that of habitually 
thrifty and industrious workers, who would be able to continue 
their occupations and to support their families were it not for the 
abnormal situation now existing in Ireland ; men and women who 
are emphatically neither the so-called "professional beggars," who 
are common to all countries, nor the workers whom the trade stagna- 
tion, which has been prevalent throughout the world, has tempo- 
rarily thrown out of employment; they are an industrious section of 
the community, never previously in need of help from anyone, and 
who would not accept it now if the alternative which faced them 
were not the starvation of their families ; men and women who have 
quietly gone about their peaceful pursuits all their lives, and who 
have steadfastly refrained from taking any part in armed activities. 
It is for such persons, now thrown out of work, that we confidently 
invoke the sympathy and practical help of every American, solely 
on the ground of that fundamental mercy and humanity which 
transcends all else. 



64 A. C. R. I. REPORT 

100,000 in Need. 

We found that there are some 25,000 families, numbering ap- 
proximately 100,000 men, women and children, who are in pitiful 
need of instant help from the American people. 

We may point out that even when employed the workman in 
Ireland receives a wage so low that it would be difficult for an 
American to understand how the Irish workman can support him- 
self and his family upon such a wage. Now, through no fault of 
their own, the families to which we refer are without even this 
pitifully small income. In most cases their pathetic savings have 
already been spent for the barest necessaries of existence. They 
need bread, and they need it quickly. 

The present prevailing wage for ordinary unskilled labor in 
Ireland ranges from $9 to $14 a week; even those who are working 
at electric power houses, for example, receive only $14; motormen 
receive $12.50; conductors, $11.50; farm laborers rarely more than 
$8. 

To-day the 25,000 families to which we refer have not even this 
scanty income. They do not receive the unemployment allowance, 
which was limited to eight weeks. What will it cost to feed them? 
A wages commission was recently appointed in Cork City to de- 
termine the minimum on which a man and family could exist in 
reasonable respectability. A report fixing the minimum living wage 
at $14 was returned. 

The families which we found to be justly within the province 
of your Committee's helpfulness are now cut off from earning this 
$14 a week, or any sum whatever. They can manage to keep alive 
on a diet which would seem a starvation diet to the poorest Amer- 
ican family — a diet chiefly consisting of no more than bread and 
tea at every meal, with a bowl of soup two or three times a week as 
a luxury — and this meagre diet, the rental of bare lodgings, and an 
almost infinitesimal supply of fuel for heat and cooking, can be 
obtained for $7 a week. This will keep life in a family of five — 
father, mother, and three children — and this is the minimum amount 
which will be necessary for each family. 

When we state that there are 25,000 families now in need of 
help in Ireland, we are quite aware that the ordinary traveller 
through Ireland, going onl}^ by train, and visiting not more than 
two or three communities, would be unaware that any such degree 
of distress exists. From his train window he would see only a 
green and fertile countryside, of immense agricultural wealth, and 
fully capable of supporting its population. In the towns he might 
visit he would see, in his casual walks through their business 
streets, little that would lead him to believe that acute distress 
exists. 



SECTION VI. 65 

But if he looked beneath the surface, if he went from house to 
house, outside the beaten paths of travel, eliminating all the distress 
from unemployment resulting from trade depression, and all the 
distress of the habitual mendicant class, he would still find, in every 
little village that he entered, two, three, or a half-dozen families 
which had never before been in want, and which, but for the fact 
that they had at last come face to face with starvation, would never 
let their need be guessed. 

Let him go, as we did, from town to town, adding up such 
cases as these, one by one, until he had gone the length and breadth 
of Ireland ; let him visit the towns where shops and factories have 
been destroyed, and add up the numbers of those kept out of em- 
ployment by the crippling of those industries ; let him take note of 
the hundreds of families brought to continued distress by the des- 
truction of the business centre of Cork, and the thousands of 
families in Belfast whose wage-ea'rners have been able to earn noth- 
ing since they were driven from the shipyards of Belfast seven 
months ago; and when he has looked at the total he himself has set 
down, he will wonder that his casual thought was that there is 
little distress. 

They Face Starvation. 

One hundred thousand men, women and children ! Less than 
three per cent, of the total population of Ireland, it is true; but if 
3,000,000 Americans were faced with actual starvation to-day, who 
had never known distress until to-day, who would say that there 
was not a most pitiful situation in America? 

From the crippling of the co-operative creameries in Ireland, 
15,000 farmers, who supplied these creameries with milk for butter 
and cheese-making, are suffering severe loss, and are faced with even 
more deeply, serious distress in the immediate future. Their 
situation is not due to general business depression. It has been 
brought about by conditions wholly outside their control, and not 
related in any way to market stagnation, which, in fact, does 
not exist. Upon these 15,000 farmers depend 45,000 women and 
children. 

Creameries Destroyed. 

Our investigation into the destruction of creameries in Ireland, 
the reasons for this destruction, the economic importance of the co- 
operative dairy business in Ireland, and the cost of restoring the 
damaged creameries to their normal state, was conducted by Mr. 
Oren B. Wilbur, a dairy farmer of wide experience and mature judg- 
ment, and Mr. William B. Price, an architect. Mr. Wilbur and Mr. 
Price were at all times in close consultation with the officials of the 
Irish Agricultural Organization Society, Plunkett House, Dublin, 



66 A. C. R. I. REPORT 

which was built up by the co-operative movement in Ireland dur- 
the organization of which Sir Horace Plunkett is the head, c-nd 
which was built up by the co-operative movement in Ireland dur- 
ing the past 27 years. It is purely an industrial organization, and 
one which has sedulously kept itself free from political interests 
of any sort throughout its existence. On the major portion of their 
tour of investigation, covering hundreds of miles, Mr. Wilbur and 
Mr. Price were accompanied by Mr. Fant, the chief traveling re- 
presentative of Plunkett House in the organization and operation 
of creameries. 

During the past year, ending on April 9, 1921, more than 50 
attacks .by Crown forces were made on co-operative creameries, 
resulting in their partial or total destruction. Mr Wilbur and Mr. 
Price personally visited 29 of these creameries, including all those 
where the most heavy damage was inflicted, and directly collected 
reports regarding 26 others. They estimate that the amount neces- 
sary to restore these 55 creameries to operation is £114,279, but 
state that in arriving at this figure they adopted drastically reduced 
estimates, and give it as their opinion that the total sum needed to 
rehabilitate the creameries completely amounts to £250,000. 



summary : 


Men, Women 




Children 


On dairy farms 


60,000 


In Belfast 


23.000 


In Cork 


8,000 


In 150 smaller communities throughout 




Ireland 


3,000 



The minimum needed is $450,000 a month. 
Material Damage. 



94,000 



There are to-day upwards of 1,000 co-operative agricultural 
societies in Ireland, with a membership of 140,000 farmers. Their 
trade in butter, cheese, and other agricultural products amounted 
during the year 1919 to £11,158,583, making the average annual 
turn-over for each society £10,886. The 55 damaged creameries 
included many whose annual turnover was far above this average, 
the total number of farmers supplying these creameries with milk 
being approximately 15,000, and their aggregate annual turn-over 
being approximately £1,000,000. 

At the annual meeting of the Irish Agricultural Organization 
Society in Dublin on March 22nd last, at which Mr. France was 
present, the annual report was submitted. In regard to the des- 
truction of creameries the report said : — 



SECTION VI. 67 

"The material damage resulting- from over fifty attacks on cream- 
eries — over sixty, if fourteen raids on one society were to be separa- 
tely included — cannot yet be exactly stated, but will, it is estimated 
exceed £200,000. If consequential damage is taken into account, 
as in some cases the County Court Judges who had tried them 
agreed to be equitable, the financial loss was incalculable. It may 
run to £1,000,000." 

In the supplementary report drawn up by Mr. Wilbur, at the 
conclusion of the exhaustive investigation made by Mr. Price and 
himself, Mr Wilbur says : — 

"I wish to express my conviction that the creameries and their 
auxiliaries are the most important of all the immediate relief needs 
which the American people can help, and I wish to strongly urge 
upon the Committee the consideration of their claims. The 
whole butter and cheese-making industry will be hard hit if these 
creameries are not soon set runn-ing again ; and, further, the cattle- 
raising business will also be affected. Now, all the calves are raised 
on the skimmed milk from the creameries, instead of a part being 
'vealed' as they are in many parts of America. Then, when they are 
about two years old, they are sold to the graziers in the midlands, 
who fatten them on the rich grass lands of central Ireland, and 
then ship them to England. If the lack of creameries results in 
the farmers being compelled to sell their cows, as it already has in 
some measure, it will mean that there will be less and less calves, 
and soon the graziers will find themselves short of feeding stock, 
and both the dairy and meat product of the kingdom will be seri- 
ously curtailed." 

An extract from the reports, supplementary to this report, 
which are offered by the individual members of the American 
Society of Friends, who were members of your delegation to Ire- 
land, reads: — 

The Need. 
"Is there a need? There seems to me to be a great need in 
Ireland, need resulting from three fundamental causes: — (1) The 
burning of their homes; (2) the destruction of industries upon 
which persons relied for their support; and (3) the lack of employ- 
ment resulting from economic stagnation. The need from the burn- 
ing of homes seems to me to be both great and pressing. We went 
through dozens of towns where there were homes and shops burnt ; 
in most cases these people have made claims lor damages, but, in 
the meantime, these claims have not been paid; in many cases there 
is little probability of their ever being paid. As an individual I am 
entirely convinced that many of these people were entirely innocent 
of any complicity in the act for which they were punished by hav- 
ing their homes burnt." 



REPORT 



OF THE 



IRISH WHITE CROSS 



TO 



31st august. 1922 



REPORT 



OF THE 



IRISH WHITE CROSS 



TO 



3 1ST AUGUST, 1922. 



This Report has been prepared by Mr. 

W. J. Williams, M.A., for the Maitaging 

Committee of the Irish White Cross. 



Examples of the destruction which 
the Irish White Cross was 
founded to reheve. 




1^^ 




Photo by] 



[Hogaii, Dublin. 



CONTENTS. 



PAGE 

Lists of Members and of Officers of Irish White Cross Society 

and of the American Committee for Relief in Ireland 1 

Section I. — (a) Income and Expenditure Account of the Irish 
White Cross Society from its inception to 

August 31st, 1922. 13 

(b) Income and Expenditure Account of Recon- 
struction Commission for same period 15 

Section II. — Origin and Personnel of Irish White Cross 16 

Section III. — American Committee for Relief in Ireland 18 

Section IV. — Nature and Extent of the Distress in Ireland 22 

Section V. — Policy and Method adopted in affording Relief 31 

Section VI. — ^Checks on the Expenditure of Funds for Relief 46 

Section VII. — Tributes to the Work of the Irish White Cross and 

of the American Committee for Relief in Ireland. 49 

Appendices : 

A. Appeals for Funds issued by the Irish White Cross and 

by the American Committee for Relief in Ireland. ... 74 

B. Report to the American Committee for Relief in Ireland 

by the Delegates who visited the Country in the Spring 
of 1921 77 

C. Letter from the Irish Delegation of Plenipotentiaries to 

the Representatives of the American Committee for 
Relief in Ireland on the conclusion of their visit in the 
Autumn of 1921 84 

D. Geographical Distribution of Personal Relief to the 31st 

August, 1922 86 

E. Reconstruction Commission. — Amounts sanctioned to 31st 

August, 1922 101 

F. Committee for Maintenance of Orphans 102 



IRISH WHITE CROSS. 



President : 
HIS EMINENCE MICHAEL CARDINAL LOGUE. 

Chairman : 

THE RIGHT HONOURABLE ALDERMAN L. O'NEILL, 

LORD MAYOR OF DUBLIN. 

Trustees : 
His Grace, Most Rev. Dr. Walsh, Archbishop of Dublin. 
The Right Hon. the Lord Mayor of Dublin. 
The late Presidet Arthur James G. Douglas. 

Griffith, T.D. ' George Russell. 

The late General Michael Mrs. Mary Alden Childers. 

Collins, T.D. Joseph T. Wigham, M.D. 

Thomas Johnson, T.D. 

Chairman of Standing Executive Comtrnttce — L. Smith-Gordon. 
Honorary Treasurer — James G. Douglas. 
Honorary Secretary — James MacNeill. 

STANDING EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE: 

The Right Hon. the Lord Mayor J. H. Webb, F.R.I.A.I. 

of Dublin. L. Smith-Gordon. 

Alderman J. MacDonagh, T.D. R. A. Anderson. 

President W. Cosgrave, T.D. Thomas Foran. 

Captain Henry Harrison, O.B.E., Thomas Farren. 

M.C. Thomas Johnson, T.D. 

R. Erskine Childers. Alderman William O'Brien, T.D. 

James G. Douglas. Mrs. Sheehy-Skeffington. 

Professor E. P. Culverwell, Madam O'Rahilly. 

S.F.T.C.D. Alderman Mrs. Clarke. 

Miss E. M. Cunningham, M.A. Madame Gonne-MacBride. 

John O'Neill. Mrs. T. M. Kettle. 

James MacNeill. Miss J. Wigham. 

Sean MacCaoilte. Darrell Figgis, T.D. 

Director of Organisation — Henry Kennedy, M.A., D.Sc. 
Acting Secretary — Captain D. L. Robinson, D.S.O. 

MANAGING COMMITTEE: 

The Right Hon. the Lord Mayor Thomas Johnson, T.D. 

of Dublin. R. A. Anderson. 

James MacNeill. Madam O'Rahilly. 

James G. Douglas. 

1 



IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 



GENERAL COUNCIL: 



His Grace, The Most Rev. J. M. 
Harty, D.D., Archbishop of 
Cashel. 

His Grace. The Most Rev. T. P. 
Gihiiartin, D.D., Archbishop of 
Tuam. 

The Most Rev. The Hon. B. J. 
Plunket, D.D., Bishop of 
Meath. 

The Right Rev. T. Sterling Berry, 
D.D., Bishop of Killaloe. 

Rev. Dr. I. Herzog, M.A., D.Litt., 
Chief Rabbi. 

The Right Hon. The Lord Mont- 
eagle, K.P. 

The Right Hon. The Lord Mayor 
of Cork. 

His Worship The Mayor of Kil- 
kenny. 

His Worship The Mayor of 
Derry. 

His Worship The Mayor of Drog- 
heda. 

His Worship The Mayor of Clon- 
mel. 

His Worship The Mayor of 
Water ford. 

His Worship The Mayor of Wex- 
ford. 

His Worship The Mayor of Sligo. 

Sean MacEntee, T.D. 

Aldernian Liam de Roiste, T.D. 

Brian O'Higgins, T.D. 

J. Crowley, L.R.C.P & S.L, T.D. 

J. Lennon, T.D. 

J. J. O'Kelly, T.D. 

William O'Brien. 

Colonel Maurice Moore, C.B. 

Sir Horace Plunket, P.C, 
K.C.V.O. 

Miss Mary Hayden, M.A. 

Mrs. Margaret MacGarry. 

Miss Dorothy Macardle. 

Mrs. Sydney Ball. 

Miss Kathleen Lynn, M.B. 

Together with all the Office 

Executive Committee. 



Sir John O'Connell, M.A., LL.D. 

Joseph O'Carroll, M.D., F.R.C.P.L 

Professor R. M. Henry, M.A. 

I. Bovd-Barrett, M.B. 

J. P.MacEnri, M.A., M.D. 

Rev. W. Crawford, M.A. 

Michael Governey. 

J. Harbison, M.P. 

Alderman John Harkin. 

Miss E. O'Connor, P.L.G. 

Samuel Graveson. 

John Sweetman. 

Darrell Figgis, T.D. 

J. M. Flood, B.L. 

John Geoghegan. 

J. C. Dowdall. 

Professor O'Rahilly, M.A. 

Edward MacLysaght. 

D. MacCullagh. 

C. M. O'Brien, M.D. 

J. MacArdle, L.R.C.S.L 

H. T. Bewley, M.B. 

J. J. Nagle. 

H. C. Neill-Watson. 

J. T. O'Farrell. 

T. C. Daly. 

Denis Cullen, 

L. J. Duffy. 

Sean MacCaoilte. 

The Hon. Albinia Brodrick. 

Mrs, Ceannt. 

Miss Nellie O'Brien. 

The Hon. Mary Spring-Rice. 

Miss Barton. 

Miss Comerford. 

Mrs. Stopford Green. 

Mrs. Connery. 

Miss Rose Timmon. 

Miss Whitty. 

Mrs. Despard. 

P. Finegan. 

J. Gullery. 

J. MacVeagh, M.P. 

Mrs. L. M. Vanston. 

Miss Angela Boland. 

rs and Members of the Standing 



IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 3 

American Committee for ReKef in Ireland 



EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE: 

Chairman — Hon. Morgan J. O'Brien. 
Treasurer — John J. Pulleyn. 
Assistant Treasurer — Edward J. McPike. 
Secretary — Richard Campbell. 
Assistant Secretary — James A. Healy. 



Thomas F. Ryan. 
Nicholas F. Brady. 
John D. Ryan. 
Hon. Thos. J. Walsh. 
Edward L. Doheny. 
James J. Phelan. 
James A. Flaherty. 
Joseph C. Pelletier. 
Hon. David J. Walsh. 



Lawrence Godkin. 

John Quinn. 

Hon. James D. Phelan. 

Martin J. Gillen. 

Thos. J. Maloney. 

J. W. McConaughy 

William P. Larkin. 

L. Hollingsworth Wood. 

Rt. Rev. M. J. Gallagher, D.D. 



NATIONAL COUNCIL: 



Chairman — Hon. Morgan J. O'Brien. 
Honorary Vice-Chairmen : 



Bernard M. Baruch. 
Hon. a. J. Beveridge. 
Hon. John J. Blaine, 

GovernoT of Wisconsin. 
George B. Cortelyou. 
General Ghas. G. Dawes. 
Hon. D, W. Davis, Governor of 

Idaho. 
JosEPHUS Daniels. 
Hon. J. M. Dixon, Governor of 

Montana. 
Hon. H. L. Davis, Governor of 

Ohio. 
Hon. Westmoreland Davis, 

Governor of Virginia. 



Hon. Edward I. Edwards, 

Governor of New Jersey. 
Haley Fiske. 
Hon. L. J. Frazier, Governor 

of North Dakota. 
Hon. a. J. Groesbeck, Governor 

of Michigan. 
Wm. R. Hearst. 
Hon. a. M. Hyde, Governor of 

Missouri. 
W. Cardinal O'Connell. 
Hon. J. Hartness, Governor of 

Vermont. 
Chas. H. Ingersoll. 
David Starr Jordan. 



IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 



Hon. O. H. 

Colorado. 
Henry Watterson. 
Hon. E. J. San Souci, Governor of 

Rhode Island. 
Hon. a. O. Brown, Governor of 

New Hampshire. 
Samuel Gompers. 
Hon. T. E. Campbell, Governor of 

Arizona. 
Hon. Chas. R. Mabey, Governor 

of Utah. 



Franklin K. Lane. 

Henry Morgenthau. 

Hon. E. p. Morrow, Governor 

of Kentucky. 
Wm. G. McAdoo. 
Medill McCormick, 
Elisabeth Marbury. 
Jane Addams. 
Chas. Nagel. 
Hon. J. A. O. Preus, Governor 

of Minnesota. 
Hon. Lee M. Russell, Governor 

of Mississippi. 
Nathan Barnert, Paterson, New Jersey. 
Frank J. Barry, Nogales, Arizona. 
Nicholas F. Brady, New York City. 
William P. Breen, Fort Wayne, Indiana. 
W. H. Brophy, Los Angeles, California. 
James Butler, New York City. 
Pierce Butler, St. Paul, Minnesota. 
James A. Broderick, Manchester, New Hampshire. 
P. H. Callahan, Louisville, Kentucky. 
Rt. Rev. John J. Cantwell, D.D., Los Angeles, California 
Hon. Richard Campbell, New York. 
Peter J. Carey, Montclair, New Jersey. 
Edward F. Carey, Chicago, Illinois. 
David J. Champion, Cleveland, Ohio. 
Most Rev. Alexander Christie, D.D., Portland, Oregon. 
George M. Cohan, New York City. 
Barron G. Collier, New York City. 
Martin Conboy, New York City. 
Patrick Crowe, Denver, Colorado. 
D. J. Conway, Sioux Falls, South Dakota. 
Joseph F. Connolly, Portland, Maine. 
Patrick Carter, Charleston. South Carolina. 
Cornelius J. Corcoran, Lawrence, Massachusetts. 
John O'Hara Cosgrave, New York City. 
Richmond Dean, Chicago, Ilinois. 
James E. Deery, Indianapolis, Indiana. 
George C. Dempsey, Boston, Massachusetts. 
Charles S. Dcrham, San Francisco, California. 



Shoup. Governor of 



IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 3 

E. L. Doheny, Los Angeles, California. 

E. L. Doheny, Jr., New York City. 

Daniel F. Doherty, Springfield, Massachusetts. 

T. J. Donoghue, Houston, Texas. 

Alfred W. Donovan, Rockland, Massachusetts. 

Michael F. Dooley, Providence, Rhode Island. 

Edward J. Dooner, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 

Most Rev. Dennis J. Dougherty, D.D., Philadelphia, Pennsylvaria. 

Most Rev. Austin Dowling, D.D., St. Paul, Minnesota. 

Peter A. Drury, Washington, D. C. 

Thomas W. Dwyer, Wakefield, Massachusetts. 

David M. Finnegan, Yankton, South Dakota. 

David E. Fitzgerald, New Haven, Connecticut. 

F. J. Fitzgibbon, Oswego, New York. 

H. A. Flaherty, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 

J. Rogers, Flannery, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. 

Hugh Gallagher, Montgomery, Alabama. 

Rt. Rev. Michael J. Gallagher, D.D., Detroit, Michigan. 

Thomas F. Garvan, Hartford, Connecticut. 

His Eminence James Cardinal Gibbons, Baltimore, Maryland. 

Martin J. Gillen, New York City. 

Most Rev. John Joseph Glennon, D.D., St. Louis, Missouri. 

Martin H. Glynn, Albany, New York. 

Lawrence Godkin, New York City. 

'Thomas J. Guthrie, Des Moines, Iowa. 

Byrne Hackett, New Haven, Connecticut. 

Most Rev. Edward J. Hanna, D.D., San Francisco, Caifornia. 

William F. Harrington, Manchester, New Hampshire. 

Most Rev. Patrick J. Hayes, D.D., New York City. 

D. J. Healy, Detroit, Michigan. 

John E. Healy, Wilmington, Delaware. 

John C. Heyer, Boston, Massachusetts. 

James H. Higgins, Providence, Rhode Island. 

Edward Hines, Chicago, Illinois. 

John W. Hogan, Albany, New York. 

John Hughes, New York City. 

Edward N. Hurley, Chicago, Illinois. 

Patrick Hurley, Tulsa, Oklahoma. 

John B. Jones, Pensacola, Florida. 



6 IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 

Most Rev. James J. Keane, D.D., Dubuque, Iowa. 

Thomas A. Kearns, Jr., Salt Lake City, Utah. 

Daniel Kelleher, Seattle, Washington. 

D. F. Kelly, Chicago, Illinois. 

Louis Kenedy, Stamford, Connecticut. 

Daniel J. Kenefick, Buffalo, New York. 

W. P. Kenney, St. Paul, Minnesota. 

Martin J. Keogh, New Rochelle, New York. 

William P. Larkin, New York City. 

P. E. Laughlin, Kansas City, Missouri. 

John S. Leahy, St. Louis, Missouri. 

John J. Linehan, Worcester, Massachusetts. 

John F. Lucey, New York City. 

Dr. George B. McClellan, Princeton, New Jersey. 

J. W. McConaughy, New York City. 

Robert E. McDonnell, New York City. 

Peter J. McDonough, South Plainfield, New Jersey. 

John B. McGauran, Denver, Colorado. 

Joseph B. McGowan, Indianapolis, Indiana. 

Joseph T. McSweeney, Hartford, Connecticut. 

John J. MacDonad, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 

Michael Magiff, St. Albans, Vermont. 

Martin Maloney, Belmar, New Jersey. 

Thomas J. Maloney, New York City. 

Martin T. Manton, New York City. 

John H. Markham, Jr., Tulsa, Oklahoma. 

Peter W. Meldrim, Savannah, Georgia. 

John E. Milholland, New York City. 

James F. Minturn, Hoboken, New Jersey. 

Thomas M. Monaghan, Wilmington, Delaware. 

J. K. Mullen, Denver, Colorado. 

Most Rev. Geo. W. Mundelein, D.D., Chicago, Illinois. 

M. J. Murphy, Detroit, Michigan. 

Dr. Charles P. Neill, Washington, D. C. 

Morgan J. O'Brien, New York City. 

Thomas D. O'Brien, St. Paul, Minnesota. 

His Eminence William Cardinal O'Connell, Boston, Massachusetts. 

John A. O'Dwyer, Toledo, Ohio. 

John G. O'Keefe, New York City. 



IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 

John W. O'Neill, Birmingham, Alabama. 

Joseph H. O'Neill, Boston, Massachusetts. 

P. H. O'Neill, Los Angeles, California. 

M. J. Owens, Toledo, Ohio. 

James D. Phelan, U. S. Senate, Washington, D. C. 

James J. Phelan, Boston, Massachusetts. 

William Pigott, Seattle, Washington. 

John J. Pulleyn, New York City. 

P. J. Quealy, North Kemmerer, Wyoming. 

John Quinn, New York City. 

James Reeves, New York City. 

John B. Reilly, Miami, Florida, 

Peter C. Reilly, Indianapolis, Indiana. 

Timothy Riordan, Flagstaff, Arizona. 

James J. Ryan, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 

John D. Ryan, New York City. 

Thomas F. Ryan, New York City. 

Joseph Scott, Los Angeles, California. 

Most Rev. John W. Shaw, D.D., New Orleans, Louisiana. 

Alfred E. Smith, New York City. 

Dr. Andrew G. Smith, Portland, Oregon. 

Thomas J. Spellacy, Hartford, Connecticut. 

J. B. Sullivan, Des Moines, Iowa. 

J. J. Sullivan, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 

George Sweeney, Detroit, Michigan. 

Richard Tobin. San Francisco, California. 

Thomas J. Tyne, Nashville, Tennessee. 

Festus J. Wade, St. Louis, Missouri. 

David I. Walsh, U. S. Senate, Washington, D. C. 

J. T. Walsh, Memphis, Tennessee 

Maurice Walsh, St. Albans, Vermont. 

Thomas F. Walsh, Akron, Ohio. 

Thomas J. Walsh, U. S. Senate, Washington, D. C. 

John R. Welch, Indianapolis, Indiana. 

Charles A. Whelan, New York City. 

L. Hollingsworth Wood, New York City. 



8 IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 

Since the Irish White Cross was organised it has lost three of its 
most distinguished members in the persons of the Most Rev. W. J. 
Walsh, Archbishop of Dublin; President Arthur Griffith, and 
General Michael Collins. Appreciations of each have been written 
for this Report by three gentlemen who know them intimately, both 
as Irish patriots and as active participants in the Society's great 
work of national aid and reconstruction. 



HIS GRACE MOST REV. DR. WALSH. 

The Association, which has suffered the loss of youthful 
strength in Michael Collins and of mature courage in Arthur 
Griffith, was also deprived of the aid which it drew from ripe, 
yet energetic wisdom and experience, based on a long life- 
time of public leadership and service, when death in the 
fulness of years took from its roll the honoured name of the 
Most Rev. William J. Walsh, Archbishop of Dublin. Dr. 
Walsh entered Irish public life over forty years ago, when he 
advocated a scheme of agrarian reform of an essentially con- 
structive nature, directed to secure the land of their fathers for 
a people who, till then, were essentially but tenants-at-will. 
His versatile mind, pre-eminently active and far-seeing, was 
exercised not only on philosophy and theology, but also, in 
conspicuous ways, through economics, education, and the 
nobler problems of political action. The closing years of his 
long and distinguished career saw a display of energy, by pub- 
lic letters and personal influence, that won for his name and 
exalted position a great measure of public attention, abroad 
even more than at home. In America and elsewhere his estab- 
lished capacity and prestige were of far-reaching value to the 
White Cross Association; and on more than one important 
occasion his advice and assistance proved themselves of high 
usefulness at home in Ireland. The whole mass of the people 
were greatly drawn into union with and reliance on the Arch- 
bishop of Dublin during the eventful changes which followed 
the close of the luiropean struggle; and while his active aid in 
the work of the Society was especially evoked by the needs 



IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 



of more than one stricken area in his own diocese, his pen and 
influence extended their sway over the whole of the problems 
which the White Cross Association was called on to solve. 

T. C. 



PRESIDENT GRIFFITH. 

The praise of great men is the supreme justification of our 
common human nature, and particularly is this true in the case 
of Arthur Griffith. For he was not only great, he was in many 
remarkable respects exceptional; and he was not only excep- 
tional, but all his life he stood singularly separate and alone ; 
yet his attitude of mind and life was always that of a servant 
of the people of Ireland; and with him, with all his stubborn 
and undefeatable purpose, the wish of the common people was 
always the arbiter in all issues. 

I believe that history will find that Arthur Griffith was 
not only the greatest man of his time and generation, but 
that he will rank with the handful of national leaders who 
were also creators, men who changed the entire thought of 
the people from one direction to another, and thus gave 
Ireland new life from a new idea: Charles Stewart Parnell, 
Thomas Davis, the earlier Dan O'Connell, Wolfe Tone, Hugh 
O'Neill, Brian Borumha, Cormac Mac Airt : all men of a 
clear philosophy and intellectual outlook. And, so far as 
one man may speak of another, I am sure he was always 
conscious of this, and never ultimately doubted (despite the 
dark hours in every man's soul, in some of which I saw him) 
the family into which he was born. I do not think this merely 
because of his positive manner, because very often a positive 
manner is born of doubt and hesitancy, but because of his 
great courage, because of his tenacity and strength of will. 

Yet he was a sensitive, shy man, who wore a manner of 
apparent coldness like a protecting armour. And I do not 
know where one may find in any man so complete a disregard 
of self. I remember one night, when I was lodging with him, 
we sat till the early hours of the morning while he told me 
the causes that had led him to certain actions of the past, 



10 IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 

and to unfold his plans for the future. It was when we had 
returned from Reading Jail, and when all Ireland was looking 
to him to assume leadership. I had myself urged this upon 
him, and he discussed the question of leadership simply and 
quietly, putting himself out of the question firmly, frankly 
stating why he judged himself unsuited, and saying that he 
considered it his task and duty to find a leader, whom he 
would serve as his right-hand man, putting at his disposal all 
the fruits of his experience and observation. Never once 
did he ask anything for himself, or even so much as let such 
a thought cross the threshold of his mind. Yet, behind it 
all, the stubborn man of conviction was there ; for, though 
he did not say or suggest it, one felt that the right-hand man, 
however patient and self-forgetting, would never permit his 
leader, when found, to lead the people in wrong paths. He 
was content that his judgment should be made a service 
for which he should receive no recognition, but he was ready 
also, if necessary, to give it with intractable authority. 

The truth was that he regarded himself as a man with a 
trust, a servant of the people of Ireland. He was the most 
loyal man it was possible to meet — loyal to fault as a friend, 
with whom loyalty in answer was a simple responsibility — 
loyal as a servant of the people, whose will to him was an 
iron necessity, even though he firmly disagreed with it. His 
life as journalist and propagandist was an eflfort to convince 
them, never to dictate to them. When he was' ofifered 
profitable employment abroad as a journalist, he did not, 
as other men would do, and have done, weigh the ofTer. It 
was simply treated as an irrelevance while he went on with 
his work. When he found himself in a minority (and the 
greater part of his public life was spent in what appeared 
to be a hopeless minority), it did not occur to him to brow- 
beat the people. He went on with his work of conviction, 
content always to accept their decision for the time being. 
And he did these things as part of a clear and reasoned 
national philosophy, which in rare moods and in chosen com- 
pany he was prepared to expound and justify. 

Ireland has never been served more faithfully. Those 



IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 11 

who knew and loved him (whom to know truly was to love 
with no ordinary love) have lost what can never be replaced. 
No man can be loved who is not himself a good lover; and 
great was his capacity for love. And perhaps it was because 
he was so true a servant and so stalwart a lover that he, of 
all leaders in Ireland, was permitted to bring in the harvest 
which he had sow^n, and was not permitted to wait till the 
sheaves were threshed, for in harvest-home there is joy, but in 
threshing there is often disappointment. 

He has left behind him a fame that will increase with time, 
a memory to be cherished as of great price, and an example 
that may, indeed, stand above our camp both as pillar and 
beacon. 

DARRELL FIGGIS. 



GENERAL MICHAEL COLLINS. 

"Michael Collins is one of the most humane men I have 
ever met," said a member of the Organisation Committee of 
the White Cross during a discussion on the wisdom of having 
a man so objectionable to the British on our list of Trustees. 
The speaker, then an admirer, afterwards became a strong 
political opponent of General Collins, but the truth uttered 
did not change with Irish politics, and thousands of humble 
persons will prefer to remember Mick Collins for his big kind 
heart rather even than for his finest deeds of heroism or acts 
of statesmanship. 

Mr. Collins was Trustee of the White Cross from the 
commencement, and always took a keen interest in its wel- 
fare. Even at the time of the Terror, when there was a price 
on his head, he kept himself informed of the details of 
organisation, etc., of the relief work, and on several occasions 
made valuable suggestions for improvements. After the 
Truce he was able to take an open and active part in the 
work of relief, and much of the work, especially that of the 
Reconstruction Commission, is due to his initiative. When 
the White Cross was formed, his name as Trustee was used 



12 IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 

to siiggct that the work woukl be party in character, and 
that only Sinn Fein adherents would obtain relief. I am 
glad of this opportunity to state that this was directly 
contrary to the facts, and, both before and after the Truce, 
no Trustee was more jealous of the truly non-party character 
of relief than Michael Collins. When we were criticised by 
persons actuated more by patriotism than by wisdom, because 
we gave assistance to the families of spies, Mr. Collins at once 
defended us and assured us of the support of the army chiefs. 
Michael Collins felt keenly the extent to which the people, 
especially women and children, had to suffer as a result of 
the struggle, and he was continuously thinking of ways of 
alleviating distress. He seemed to feel a kind of personal 
responsibility for it. I met him to discuss plans just after 
his first visit to the country after the Truce, and I well 
remember the tears in his eyes as he spoke of details of suiTer- 
ing in the country towns. He at once proposed a scheme of 
loans for the repair of roofs and farmhouses, and suggested 
an immediate cable to U. S. A. for more funds. Busy 
man though he was, he insisted on interesting himself 
in individual cases of need, and this continued right up to 
the time of his death No case was too insignificant for his 
attention, and once he became interested in a case he never 
forgot it until satisfied the need had been met. I have rarely 
met a man who made you love and respect him, almost whether 
you wanted to or not, like Michael Collins — his enthusiasm 
and energy were contagious — you felt you wanted to work 
for Ireland, and in the way he wanted you to work. 

This is not the place to wTite of General Michael Collins, 

the soldier — or of Chairman Collins the minister or of 

Plenipotentiary Collins the Peace Delegate — and I have 
written of him just as I knew him in White Cross work — as 
a man with sound judgment and with a great big heart, who 
loved Ireland passionately, and to whom Ireland meant the 
Irish people — all the people, North, South, or Centre. 

JAMES G. DOUGLAS. 



IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 



13 



Tl- CM 

o o\ 






o 
a: 

CD 

o 

a: 
u 

H 



X 

CO 

52 



"5 00 lO 

"-H -* ■* 



MD VO »0 

o r-fod 



a 



2| ^ 



Tt 1-* O CO 
fO VO ^O VO 

r^ -^ <^ 0\ 



2^U 



XT3 



60 



'^o 



13 '«U o 

M rt v^ HH .^ 



-a 



-co 



ThO-'l- 



T^ o 

00 o 



00 o 
ro o 

o o 



I U 00 

. 4J 00 

S c 5 

tS13 CO 

3 O 



^ ^ C o ., c 
2 O ■ - 5" c\l O 3 < 

m -Q o n, JO -n , 

^1 ■§ I. T3 * t2 '- < 



V. ^ ^ 



■ Tj rt ^ hIXS 



S.2 



I ^ .-.,-. 












e'.S- 



Q'lS^ 



t^ kOOO,-i ooo 
r^ ,-,COOO\ Oio^ 

o oo_ >o ■-; o "* .-1 



.2 c 

*-■ rt ho 

■" S 

TO 73 OJ D* 






jQ. -so 



3 «. 
'a DC 



ffiO 



3 aj ^ uj 

CO. 5 e 



«j 'J (u •- -i: •- -. t; — 

2^ifi3-C^«1 60 



14 



IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 



u 
o 

en 

CO 

en 
O 

a: 
u 

en 



00 m 



O fO "^ vo ca vo 
•-I r> >o 00 c< p^ 



v^j v^ M* ^^ -*r ^ 
CM M to rl •<1- 



5^ »'-a 



'- C 
-I 

3 O 



o *• 
CO ed 

£ E S 

£ E 

-I 

ti . 
Sn 



E2-S;^S^ 


B : 


5* (3 c^ 1! " 


'c s 


■^f S 13 SQ 


£■•5 




T3 ~ 


<-S 


■gS & .Et 


oJ 


" « M 2 u 


l-l 

3T3 


•^■slclSil 


5« 



-Co<nX-Cc'5y 

^ o rt 0^ '^^ 
- O -OS 

«jii «> 5U,0<OU 



£W 



13 oi-,3 

nH ^ Hi 

S O 2 

^ ^^ 



«5 *: 

< o 



C 3 



V 00 I- • 

^ c «; E 

— J3 OU 



§,§^ .- 

ii S " E 

2 s; c E 

••S-^ § o 

73 "O '^ 

£.2 SI" 

« o E.2 •" 
w ^ E.S o 
•5 wuj- 
««t3 _ « C 

° s «*■•? 

D. O ^ 60 
DOT C 

.^^ •- - "> 

< 3 E c a 



_^ o o o o ■» 
^ I-I »-t 

CO O 1^ o •-• •-» 



tC fo " vo 00 



•« o 



r SC^ 



•xj'5 >■- 

^§•50 



•■20 i-?; 



<_5 

D E_ 

•S E^ 
E o a 

■K.^u 



o_ 



■'os-o 



.«= ?i-o 



•- s 2 



I D 1> u 



IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 



15 






••03. 2 






h-l •t3 






■<-''" *j to "-^ 

'^ n O C3 

bo 
3 >. 

<« 



3-- rt o 






H.2 

■a E 



"^30 Sj3 

w E g|jq 

M < 

3 o 



•T3 

u-o'3, 

JJ-2S 
c o 
"So 



^6 



r; u u .73 

tl-H O . S 



13 >. 






M 



o c ^ 

J "5)^ 3 o. 
3 OJ O X 



pj 3 11 O X +; 

3 X . 



« 






E 3 



'^•E o 



"•a M 

41 c c »;'S 

E-rt 9 ^5 
4(pq>-l <) 

cnpq 



NtO 


m 








0^^0 
00 ■♦ 


10 




tlS 



tNM MO 

M O i-IOJ 

0\ •<t f^ ^ 
«-i « 00 VO 
O CM --I 






H E , 

n ™ en to 

c^O Eio 

.S C I' •^ 

I j; o 9 



01 O 
O n) 



be 0) 

E^ 

• a "I 

^ «'-' O 
in O u 
o o bo**^ ^ 
bOm com 
tij I— I --, ^ 






3<; 

bO 

5 o 



«^.H^ 



r/^ c « i; o , 






^"^^ 

O 'a 

II 

u 
b 



3 o 
o G 

ho y to o\ 
•0 «g c 

O-dQ s 
^ C H <a 

u ^ o 
t3 o J < 

2 o«5o 






03 ro 



16 IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 

IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT. 



SECTION II. 

ORIGIN AND PERSONNEL OF THE IRISH WHITE CROSS. 

The Irish White Cross Society was organised to cope with 
the distress and destitution resulting in Ireland from the war caused 
by the determination of the Irish people to assert their right to 
nationhood. This war in its intensified form began about the 
middle of 1920, and by the close of that year its consequences in 
human suffering for the Irish people were on a scale so large that 
relief work transcended altogether the efforts of private charity. 
It early became apparent that a central organisation was called for 
to combine and systematize private efforts, and so to extend their 
sphere and efficacy. Towards the end of 1920 a body of men and 
women came together, on the invitation of, and under the chair- 
manship of, the Right Hon. the Lord Mayor of Dublin, to con- 
sider how it was possible to alleviate the great amount of suffer- 
ing that, even at that date, had resulted from the Irish conflict. 
These men and women were representative of practically every 
section of the political and religious beliefs of the Irish commun- 
ity — except, indeed, of the Orange and Unionist parties of the 
North-East corner. They were actuated solely by humanitarian 
motives, for they were convinced that the relief of human suffer- 
ing was a moral duty binding on every citizen, irrespective of 
political or religious creed. In Ireland, owing to the special cir- 
cumstances of her history, the lines of social, political, and re- 
ligious cleavage cut more deeply than in other countries, and, as a 
rule, the resulting animosities render difficult co-operation for 
national purposes. In the case of the Irish White Cross this 
difficulty never made itself felt. From the first its members de- 
voted themselves to their humanitarian work, unhampered by 
their private views on the issue in the Irish conflict. As private 
citizens they differed fundamentally on that issue; in their corp- 
orate capacity their sole function was to work for the relief of 
their suffering fellow-countrymen. That they have succeeded in 



IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 17 

their task is proved 'by the fact that, widely as they differed among 
themselves on public matters, not one of them resigned from the 
Society, while no complaint was ever made by any of them, that 
the work of the organization had ever been deflected in any respect 
from the purely charitable line laid down for it at the time of its 
foundation. 

The names of the Officers of the Society, of the Trustees, of 
the Members of the Standing Executive, of the General Council, 
and of the Managing Committee are given at the beginning of 
this report. The President of the Society was His Eminence, Car- 
dinal Logue, Archbishop of Armagh and Primate of all Ireland. 
On the General Council there were two Catholic Archbishops ; two 
Bishops of the Protestant Church of Ireland ; the Chief Rabbi of 
the Jewish community of DubKn ; an ex-President of the Irish 
Methodist Conference ; leading Dublin members of the Religious 
Society of Friends ; the Lord Mayors and Mayors of nine Irish 
cities and towns ; several members of Dail Eireann ; representa- 
tives of organised labour; a member of the British House of Lords, 
and many prominent figures in the professional and commercial 
life of Ireland. From the beginning the Chairman of the Coun- 
cil was the Right Hon. L. O'Neill, Lord Mayor of Dublin, whose 
position brought him into close touch with the events that made 
the Society necessary. Thus, the organisation was thoroughly 
representative of all that is best and most characteritic in the life 
of Ireland. 

At the time the Society was founded the terrorist policy was 
at its height. Already more than -1,000 houses — homesteads, shops, 
farm-buildings — had been destroyed, whereby 1,000 families were 
left without homes. Creameries and factories had been ruined, 
thus causing widespread dislocation in the economic life of the 
areas they served, with consequent acute distress and poverty. 
Many people had been killed or maimed, or dragged from their 
families to he confined in prisons or internment camips. And it 
must be remernibered that the victims of this policy were mainly 
the non-combatant population. In addition to these victims of the 
policy of terrorism by the British, there were the victims of the 
frrenzied outburst of violence in Belfast, in consequence of which 
some 10,000 workers had been expelled from the factories and 
workshops of that city, and their homes destroyed and looted. 



18 IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 

As a result of all this violence there were about 100,000 people 
reduced to destitution, with no alternative left to them but the 
support of charity or escape from their miseries by death from 
want and hunger. To help these destitute people the Irish White 
Cross was founded. For this task funds were needed on a scale 
more extended than it was possible for Ireland herelf to provide. 
That these funds were available was due to the organisation in the 
United States of the American Committee for Relief in Ireland — 
a list of whose members is printed at the beginning of this report. 

No reference to the personnel of the Irish White Cross would 
be complete without a tribute to the energy, efficiency and courtesy 
of the Director of Organisation, Henry Kennedy, M.A., D.Sc, a 
member of the staff of University College, Dublin (to which the 
gratitude of the Society is due for enabling it to avail itself of the 
services of Dr. Kennedy), the Acting Secretary, Captain D. L. 
Robinson, D.S.O., and the office staff generally, under their direc- 
tion. The work involved in the management of a large organisa- 
tion, such as the Irish White Cross, is so complex that were it 
not for the efficiency of the Director and his staff the Society 
could not have succeeded in its work of relief. 



SECTION III. 

AMERICAN COMMITTEE FOR RELIEF IN IRELAND. 

Quite independently of the Irish White Cross in Ireland, there 
had been founded in New York City in December, 1920, a Com- 
mittee for the Relief of Irish Distress. This Society entered on 
its task in the same humane spirit that had inspired the many 
charitable organisations sent forth from the United States to re- 
lieve the misery and suffering in European areas in the days of 
the great war. As with the Irish Society, so with the American 
Committee, the inspiring motive was philanthropy, not politics, 
and it counted among its supporters representatives of all classes, 
political and religious, in the United States. 

The command of the cables Ijy the British, and their conse- 
quent control of the car of the world, made it difficult for the facts 



IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 19 

of the Irish situation to be known abroad ; but the wall was not 
impervious, and the cries of Irish suffering made themselves heard 
beyond the Atantic, and found sympathetic response in the humane . 
spirit of the American people. The Committee set about its task 
in characteristic American fashion, and soon the call for the relief 
of Irish suffering made itself heard from the Canadian border to 
the Caribbean Sea, from the Atlantic seaboard to the Pacific. A 
series of great "drives" for funds was organised throughout the 
48 States of the Union, and in a short period of time the Commit- 
tee had at its command a large sum — approximately 5,000,000 dol- 
lars — for the relief of the sufiferers in Ireland, 

The Committee entered on its task with the approval of Presi- 
dent Harding, who sent the following message in recommenda- 
tion of its work : — 

"I wish you the fullest message of success, not only in the 
great benefit performance at the Metropolitan Opera House on 
April 3rd, but in every worthy effort to make a becoming contribu- 
tion on the part of our people to relieve distress among the women 
and children of Ireland. The people of America will never be 
deaf to the call for relief on behalf of suffering humanity, and the 
knowledge of distress in Ireland makes quick and deep appeal to 
the more fortunate of our own land, where so many of our citizens 
trace kinship to the Emerald Isle." 

The President's support was followed by that of numbers of 
men prominent in American life — Governors of States, political 
leaders, great captains of industry, churchmen and social workers. 
Among them may be mentioned Vice-President Coolidge; Her- 
bert Hoover, Secretary of Commerce, famous for his work in relief 
of Belgian suffering; J. Wingate Weeks, Secretary for War; Wil- 
liam J. McAdoo, ex-Secretary of the Treasury ; Bernard Baruch, 
ex-head of the War Industries Board ; James W. Gerard, ex-Ambas- 
sador to Germany. Many of these did not rest content with giving 
the Committee the moral support of their approval, or helping it 
by their personal contributions to its funds ; they took active part 
in the campaign in support of the "drives" touring the country, 
and making known everywhere the sufferings of the Irish people, 
and the need for means for their relief. 

The Catholic Church, as was but natural in the cause of 
Ireland, took up the work with enthusiasm, its efforts being 



20 IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 

generously seconded by members of other American religious 
bodies. In this connection it seems right to mention the Jewish 
community of New York City, which made a united effort through 
its clubs to give generous help to the work of Irish relief. From 
the beginning American members of the Religious Society of 
Friends were prominent in the ranks of the active workers. In 
the January of 1921 a group of its members (Messrs. R. Barclay 
Spicer, Philadelphia, Pa.; Oren B. Wilbur, Greenwich. New York; 
William Price, Philadelphia, Pa. ; John C. Baker, Everett, Pa. ; 
Walter C. Longstreth, Philadelphia, Pa.) accompanied by Messrs. 
C. J. France, Seattle, Washington, and S. D. McCoy, New York 
City, came to Ireland to ascertain for the American Committee the 
nature and extent of American aid necessary for the relief of the 
Irish people.* These were men experienced in relief and recon- 
struction work in France and other areas devastated in the great 
war. 

During their mission, which lasted until April, 1921, Mr. 
France acted as Chairman, and Mr. McCoy as Secretary, the 
latter not returning to America until October, 1921. Mr. France 
remained in Ireland until June, 1922, acting as representative of 
the American Committee in connection with the distribution of 
the American Fund, and winning for himself the regard of all he 
met, because of the keen sympathy he always showed with Irish 
suffering. Indeed, his interest in Ireland and her people extended 
beyond the limits of his special business as representative of the 
American Committee, so much so, indeed, that it would seem 
that the traditional influence of the country on strangers was exer- 
cised in his case too, for of him it can be said with truth that he 
was "Hibernior Hibernicis ipsis." 

What is true of the leaders of politics and religion is true 
also of other sides of American life. Theatrical managers and 
leaders in the world of athletics and sport, all lent their aid. A 
famous promoter organised a tournament whereby was netted 
£16,000 for Irish relief. Then there was Ireland's great singer, 
John MacCormack, who organised a series of concerts, helping with 
his own glorious voice, and handing to the Committee over £35,000 
in aid of the Irish sufferers. 

* For Report of the delegates on the conditions in Ireland, made to the Ameri- 
can Committee, see Appendix B. 



IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 21 

In every State and in the great cities prominent men were 
found willing to serve on district committees, thus ensuring public 
confidence all through the United States, and contributing in no 
small degree to the success of the "drives." On the lists of mem- 
bers of these committees are to be found the names of some of the 
best known men in the life of America. 

Ably supported as they were by the district organisations, 
the main credit for the success of the American Committee is due 
to the Central Executive and its officers. Busy men all of them, 
prominent in the commercial life of New York, they willingly gave 
their time and energy to the work of the Committee. Special 
reference must be made to the untiring efforts of Judge Morgan 
J. O'Brien, Chairman; Mr. John J. Pulleyn, Treasurer; Judge 
Richard Camphell, Secretary, and the other members of the Man- 
aging Committee, Mr. John D. Ryan, Mr. Thomas J. Moloney, 
and Mr. J. W. McConaughy! A word of appreciation is also due 
to the members of the staff, and to Mr. James A. Healy, Assistant 
Secretary, and to Mr. E. J. McPike, Assistant Treasurer. 

As proof of the enthusiasm for the fund felt by the people 
generally the following details may be cited : — 

The procedure of the Committee in raising the money was 
to assign specific amounts as the quotas of the States. Six States — 
Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Hamphire, Florida, Delaware 
and the District of Columbia — over subscribed the quotas assigned. 
The town of Dalton, Mass., whose population is only 4,000, sub- 
scribed £1,000. Cambria, Co., Pa., sent a check for £2,500, inti- 
mating that it was its desire that this sum should be given to 
some one place in Ireland, as a token of its gratitude for help ren- 
dered to it by Ireland in 1889, when it suffered heavily through 
a disastrous flood. This amount was allocated by the Committee 
to the Belfast Expelled Workers' Fund. From the American Red 
Cross came a contribution of £100,000. 

The funds thus made available were distributed through the 
Irish White Cross — the American Committee recognising the 
national character of the Society, and wisely considering that the 
needs of the sufferers could best be met by those who had first- 
hand knowledge of the circumstances in the distressed areas. With- 
out the aid of the American Committee the Irish Society could 
never have brought adequate relief to the victims of the Irish 



22 IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 

conflict. That they were in a position to do so is due almost 
wholly to the fine humanitarian spirit that is the dominant charac- 
teristic of the people of the United States. 

It was but fitting, therefore, on the departure for America of 
Messrs. Pulleyn and Campbell, the representatives of the Com- 
mittee who visited Ireland in the Autumn of 1921, that public ex- 
pression of the gratitude of the Irish people should have been 
made through the Irish plenipotentiaries, then engaged in London 
in negotiating the Irish Peace. The "Irish Bulletin" of November, 
1921, published the letter of thanks, signed by the five plenipoten- 
tiaries, and devoted the whole of that issue to an appreciation of 
the work of relief that the American Committee had made it pos- 
sible to carry out in Ireland. This letter is reproduced in Appendix 
C to this report. 



SECTION IV. 



NATURE AND EXTENT OF THE DISTRESS IN IRELAND. 

The war in Ireland was a struggle, the brunt of which was 
borne by the civilian population in many areas all through the 
country. Very many people lost their lives; upon many more 
wounds were inflicted, which incapacitated them for working for 
the support of themselves and of their dependents ; property of 
every kind was destroyed, towns, villages, and isolated houses and 
farms in the remoter districts being ruined by fire or explosives. 
This war on the non-combatant part of the population was set on 
foot by way of reprisal for the acts of guerilla warfare carried out 
by the fighting men of the Irish National movement, and also be- 
cause — as is natural in such warfare — it was not easy to discrimi- 
nate (between the fighting-men and the non-combatants. One of 
its objects was to cow by terrorism the masses of the people, and 
so to deprive the armed forces of the movement of the moral sup- 
port of the general body of the people, without which, it was felt, 
they could be easily dealt with and forced into submission. The 
suflFerings of every kind thus inflicted on such a wide scale threat- 
ened to destroy utterly large sections of the Irish community, and 



IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 23 

it was to endeavour to prevent this that the Irish White Cross So- 
ciety came into being. 

It has ibeen computed that in the course of this conflict at least 
2,000 houses — dwellinghouses, farmsteads, shops — were utterly de- 
stroyed, while about 1,500 were partially destroyed, many of the 
latter being rendered uninhabitable. In this way nearly 3,000 
families were cast on the world homeless, and very often with the 
loss of their entire possessions. The majority of the victims were 
of the small farmer class in the country, and, of the shopkeeper 
and artisan class in the towns. These had little or no resources to 
fall back upon, and were it not for the aid of the charitable large 
numbers must have perished from cold or hunger. 

Forty Co-operative Creameries were totally ruined and their 
whole machinery reduced to scrap-iron, thirty-five were partly 
wrecked and rendered unfit for work. Details given to the Repara- 
tion Commission, now constituted, respecting the Condensed Milk 
Co. of Ireland, whose Creamery at Mallow was burned, make it 
clear how severe a blow was dealt to rural industry by this policy 
of ruin. The manager stated that the average weekly wages bill 
before the burning was £510 Os. Od., since then it was only £210. 
The employees were Mallow men, and their wages were expended 
in the town. The number employed was 200, and the Creamery 
served an area 10 miles in radius from Mallow. Ireland being so 
largely an agricultural and pastoral country, it will be readily under- 
stood how serious a blow this destruction was to the economic life 
and general well-being of the areas concerned. The destruction of 
farmhouses, etc., injured primarily the individual owners; the ruin 
of the Creameries was a blow at the very life of the whole com- 
munity. Similar in its effects was the policy of banning fairs and 
markets in disturbed areas on the pretext of restoring order. This 
punitive measure was frequently resorted to all through the South 
and West, and it inflicted enormous losses in the areas involved. 
In certain parts of the island whole districts, e.g., the Dingle Penin- 
sula and parts of Donegal, were isolated, cut off as by a blockade 
from the rest of the country — a policy, the effects of which were 
intensified by the derailing of trains by the national forces, with 
its consequent dislocation of rail-borne traffic in some of those areas, 
as in Donegal. No transport was permitted in or out, no postal 
services were allowed; as such areas depend largely on outside 



24 IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 

districts, it is not surprising that such a measure cost the inhabi- 
tants much suffering in hunger and want of every kind. In many 
of the areas that have undergone this policy it will take years to 
undo the injury inflicted on their economic life. Individual suffer- 
ers may be partially compensated for the losses they have sustained, 
but the loss to the community cannot so easily be repaired. 

In the course of the struggle some 7,000 persons were arrested, 
and frequently without a charge even being made against them, 
were confined in prisons or internment camps. The great majority 
of these were non-combatants, and as the labour and most of them 
was necessary for the support of their families, the consequent 
suffering of their dependents was often very considerable. Fre- 
quently three or four were taken from the same house, the only 
bread-winners winners of their families, and the plight of the latter 
was pitiable. The conditions in many ofl the camps were bad, and 
so the families thus deprived of their means of support had to 
provide not only for themselves as best they could, but often for 
their former breadwinners in addition. It is true that national 
associations were organised to help the prisoners, (but, needless to 
say, in the great want that prevailed throughout the country those 
efforts fell far short of what was required. 

Another direction in which the conflict adversely affected Irish 
life in general relates to the municipal and public services. For 
certain purposes it was the practice to make grants from the British 
Treasury to public bodies in respect of certain public services. 
The grants, of course, were from the taxes paid by the Irish tax- 
payer to the British tax collectors. Because of the refusal of the 
public bodies any longer to recognise the British administrative 
authorities in Ireland, these payments were withheld by the British 
Treasury. In certain cases such action was a serious menace to 
public well-being, e.g., in the case of municipal contributions to the 
up-keep of hospitals and to the provision of school meals for necessi- 
tious school children. In the resulting disorganisation of municipal 
finance such contributions were no longer available, and much 
hardship was inflicted on classes of the community very unfitted 
to have any addition made to the ordinary burdens of their life. 
The injury to the public through the consequent hampering of 
the hospital services was exceedingly grave, and it must be re- 
membered that it took place at a time when their wards were 



IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 25 

crowded with the results of the policy of murder and maiming 
that was the order of the day. 

Even graver, because of its possible and probable effects on 
the physical health of the future generations, was the hamper- 
ing of the activities of the various societies concerned with child- 
welfare. In cities and towns there is always a considerable pro- 
portion of the population either beyond or not far removed from 
the border-line of poverty or actual want. For the feeding and 
general care of the children of tender age of these impoverished 
people public aid is essential if they are to survive at all. In Ireland 
as in Great Britain these societies were aided by the municipal 
and other local bodies, who were empowered by statute to strike 
rates for specific purposes, and on the rate being struck were 
entitled to grants in aid from the British Treasury. At best, these 
contributions fell far short of what these services required for 
their adequate performance. The withdrawal of the grant was, 
therefore, in eflfect an act of war on hungry children, whatever 
was its intention ; and it was a blow impossible to parry in' the 
general dislocation of municipal finance had not the Irish White 
Cross come to the assistance of the societies thus hampered. There 
can be no question that its action in this matter came well within 
its scope as reliever of the victims of the Irish war. 

In Dublin alone the number of children fed at school at pub- 
lic cost varies in normal times from some 7,000 in the warmer sea- 
sons to about 10,000 as the winter advances. It must be remem- 
bered that the amounts available for this service, even when sup- 
plemented by the Treasury grants, allowed only very scanty pro- 
vision for the needs of the poor hungry children. All during the 
period of the conflict — when industry had been disorganised, and 
the breadwinners in many of these poor families thrown out of 
employment through various causes connected directly or indirectly 
with the conflict — the need for such feeding was stronger than ever. 

Besides provision for school meals, there was also municipal 
aid rendered to other bodies concerned with infant welfare, e.g., 
baby-clubs, societies of a philanthropic character that concern 
themselves with the general care of babies in poor homes, and look 
after sick and expectant mothers, whose home resources do not 
permit of their meals being provided for otherwise. All those 
societies had their usefulness much curtailed through the disloca- 



26 IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 

tion of the municipal finances, and some of them, if they were to 
continue their very necessary work, had to be aided by the Irish 
White Cross. 

The systematic destruction of industry wag one of the objects 
of the terror. Its effect in connection with one branch of indus- 
trial elTort has already been touched on in reference to the ruin of 
the creameries and other sections of co-operative work. In many 
of the smaller towns, where the inhabitants were dependent on one 
or two industries for employment, the results of this policy were 
still more disastrous. Balbriggan is a case in point. Here, on the 
night of September 20th, 1920, by way of a reprisal for the killing 
of a police officer, 25 dwellinghouses with their contents were 
burned to the ground, and the owners and their families thus ren- 
dered homeless. This was bad enough, but a much more serious 
blow was struck against the life of the people by the total destruc- 
truction of one of the famous Balbriggan hosiery factories, on 
which so large a proportion of the inhabitants of this little town 
depended for their means of living. By the destruction of this one 
factory alone 120 persons employed therein were thrown out of 
work, and in addition 300 others who worked for it by doing piece- 
work at their own homes. 

The burning of Cork on December 11th and 12th, 1920, may 
be fittingly mentioned here, because of the large number of busi- 
ness premises destroyed in the conflagration, and the resultant dis- 
tress caused to those who had found employment therein. It is 
not considered necessary to describe in detail the burning and its 
attendant incidents, or the mysteriousness in which those respon- 
sibe for this gigantic act of arson sought to involve it. It is suffi- 
cient here to summarize the ruin wrought as it affected the workers 
it threw out of employment. The commercial heart of the city 
was burned out — some 45 business premises being destroyed, many 
of them the largest of their kind in the province of Munster. The 
total amount of damage done has been approximately assessed by 
the City Engineer (in a report to the Cork Corporation) at 
£2,000.000. 

In a City such as Cork it is difficult to estimate with accuracy 
the number of people who were directly involved in distress by 
this destruction, but it is safe to take the estimate givn in the same 
report, that close upon 4,000 persons — men, women, and children — 



IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 27 

had to be relieved by reason of the loss of their employment. The 
ordinary charitable associations could not cope with the burden 
thus cast upon them, and the Irish White Cross had to undertake 
responsibility for their maintenance. 

The injury inflicted on the workers of Balbriggan and Cork 
was but typical of that inflicted on those in many of the other Irish 
towns "shot up," burned and looted — ^Thurles, Templemore, Tralee, 
Tobercurry, Mallow, etc. — with the consequence that the already 
large volume of unemployment due to ordinary conomic depression 
was greatly increased, and many thousands of persons who had 
been able to live in comfort were reduced to poverty and made 
dependent on charity. 

Notwithstanding the vast extent of the havoc and ruin wrought 
in the South and West in the course of the conflict, the problem 
presented by the disorder prevailing in Belfast, almost without a 
break since July, 1920, was the most serious task that confronted 
the White Cross. All through its history that city has been the 
scene of bitter conflict, inspired by religious hate. To-day, in the 
20th century, the same inspiring force, intensified 'by political ani- 
mosity, has made its name a bye-word wherever tolerance is re- 
garded as a characteristic of civilised men. 

In July, 1920, occurred one of those periodical outbursts, and 
immediately the city became a place where ceased to exist all those 
civic virtues that usually bind together those who live and work 
side by side, A policy of expulsion of Catholic workers from the 
factories and shipyards of the city was set on foot, and in less 
than three weeks nearly 10,000 workers in Belfast and its vicinity 
were forcibly prevented from earning their living, and thrown on 
charity for the support of themselves and their dependents, who 
numbered atout 20,000. Their houses were burned, their property 
destroyed or looted, with the result that people who, previously, 
had lived in comparative comfort, were thrown on the world home- 
less and workless. Were it not for the aid of the Irish White Cross 
it is only too certain that many of those victims would have perished 
from hunger. 

A peculiarly savage outburst occurred in July, 1921, in the 
course of which 58 cottages, occupied by Belfast labourers and 
artisans, v/ere completely destroyed, and the others 'badly injured, 
many of them being rendered uninhabitable. Besides these houses, 



28 IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 

103 others were wrecked, the furniture destroyed, and everything 
portable looted — a total of 161 houses of poor labourers and their 
families. 

A vivid account of the suffering then inflicted was written 
shortly after the occurrence by Mr. C. J. France, the representative 
of the American Committee for Relief in Ireland, from which a 
short extract is here quoted : — 

"The scene of destruction which one witnesses is beyond 
power of description. One could not believe it possible that 
161 houses could be entirely gutted either by fire or by the 
destruction of every bit of furniture where fires were not actu- 
ally started. 

"But I actually saw with my own eyes in Cupar Street, 
Belfast, forty-one houses which had either been completely 
gutted or partially wrecked. In David Street four houses have 
'been destroyed ; in Norfolk Street thirty-six ; nine in Lower 
Urney Street; in Argyle Street seventeen houses in lower 
division ; in Panpark Street nine houses ; in Conway Street 
sixteen houses, and in Antrim Street thirteen houses. 

"To me this destruction was more heart-rending than even 
the destruction in Cork. 

"In the latter city the monetary value of that which was 
destroyed was far in excess of the destruction in Belfast. But 
the destruction in Cork was that of business houses and city 
•blocks. The destruction in Belfast struck a blow at one hun- 
dred and sixty-one families. As these families average a hus- 
band, wife, and six children, nearly a thousand persons were 
made homeless in this district in a single day. When one sees, 
as I saw, that the people in this district are actually as poor 
as almost any people to be found in any city of the world, and 
when one realises that the great majority of them were driven 
from their dwellings, many without clothes to their backs, in the 
early hours of the morning, their suffering and distress make 
a deep appeal. While these people possessed little of worldly 
goods, their furniture, sacred emblems, pictures, and other 
precious accumulations of a life-time, were all destroyed. 

"Not until we visited the schoolhouses, where many of 
these refugees had taken shelter, did we realise to the full how 



IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 29 

utterly denuded of every earthly possession were the poor un- 
fortunate men, women and children. In one schoolhouse we 
found the women and children, and in another men and boys; 
so that one part of the family was separated from another, with 
no hope of reunion, and a terrible uncertainty as to what the 
morrow would bring forth. 

"I was deeply impressed by the generosity of the neigh- 
ibours of these refugees — the neighbours whose homes had 
escaped devastation. Every family who had a spare room gave 
shelter and food and clothing to those driven from their homes. 
Every day for two weeks these poor people would cook an 
extra plate of potatoes each noon-day and bring it to the schools 
to feed the men, women, and children. Many shared their 
clothing, and others contributed money for tea and bread." 

These are the words of an impartial reporter and competent 
observer whose judgment was influenced by no bias of partisan- 
ship, political or religious — a man interested solely in the alleviation 
of human suffering. The scene he describes is one to which in- 
numerable parallels might be cited from the recent history of 
Belfast. 

The destruction of houses in this city was carried on through- 
out the whole period of the disorder, with the consequence that the 
Society found it necessary to undertake a considerable amount of 
reconstruction work, in rebuilding and repairing houses to replace 
those that had been destroyed. A sum of £18,000 was expended in 
this work, and in one street in the Catholic quarter 42 houses are 
now practically complete. The new street is called Amcomri Street, 
after the code word of the American Committee for Relief in Ire- 
land — a name which appropriately commemorates the beneficient 
work that the humane spirit of the American people made it pos- 
sible for the Irish White Cross to execute. 

For the relief of the victims large contributions were made 
from every part of Ireland, and from other" countries. Generous 
as were these offerings, they were soon exhausted in the effort to 
cope with the distress and misery into which were plunged so 
many thousands of helpless people. Thus, from the time of its 
inception the Irish White Cross had to take upon itself respon- 
sibility for all the work of relief, and without its aid the conse- 



30 IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 

quences to the victims of the savage anarchy of Belfast would 
have been even more disastrous than they have been. 

Belfast was, of course, not the only part of the North-Eastern 
corner marked by these excesses ; its example was followed in 
other centres — Lisburn, Bangor, Dromore, Banbridge, Newtown- 
ards — all suffered in similar fashion. Lisburn, in fact, suffered pro- 
portionately greater losses than were suffered by the Catholics of 
Belfast. From all these places and elsewhere throughout the "six 
counties" came cries of distress that called for the succour of the 
charitable, and to all of them the Irish White Cross was responsive 
to the utmost limit of its resources. 

The value of the property destroyed in Belfast amounts, it is 
computed, to almost £2,000,000, and at Lisburn to about iSOO,000. 
These figures, great as they are, represent only a fraction of the 
total loss caused in those scandalous disorders. There can be no 
actuarial estimate of the loss caused by the murders and the human 
suffering of which this city has been the scene since the outbreak 
in 1920. 

It would be impossible to enumerate in detail the various 
kinds of distress that resulted either directly or indirectly from the 
war. It is safe to assert that scarcely a branch of Irish life was un- 
affected. A rough estimate of the havoc wrought may ibe formed 
from the claims of compensation heard in the law courts. Judging 
by the decrees granted, the material loss alone amounted to about 
£10,000,000. And this figure, which does not take into account 
the consequential damages resulting from loss of property and 
interruptions of industry, is certainly a conservative one, inasmuch 
as many claims could not be' heard at all in consequence of the 
denial by the British Government of the jurisdiction of their own 
civil courts in cases where the havoc was alleged to have been done 
by the Crown forces acting wath authority. As regards the non-com- 
batants killed, no official figures have beel^ published, but from 
a survey made by the Department of Home Affairs it is clear that 
(outside the North-East area) some 500 men, women and children 

— non-combatants lost their lives; many more were maimed, 

many of them permanently disabled, and most of them incapa- 
citated for work for longer or shorter peri"ods. For these and their 
dependents the Irish White Cross had to provide, and without the 
aid it rendered, it is indubitable that a much larger number of the 



IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 31 

Irish epople would have perished, or have been rendered perma- 
nently unfitted to work for the support of themselves and their 
dependents. 



SECTION V. 

POLICY AND METHOD ADOPTED IN AFFORDING 

RELIEF. 

When the Irish White Cross came to deal with the sufferers, 
it took the parish as a unit of its action, giving aid within this area 
through the medium of parish committees. Throughout the coun- 
try, outside Belfast, where special circumstances rendered a dif- 
ferent arrangement desirable, some 600 parish committees were 
instituted. These committees were in general thoughly represen- 
tative of the people in the various parishes in which distress pre- 
vailed. As a rule, the local clergy and other responsible people 
took an active part in their formation and working. The services 
of the members were voluntary, and this remark applies to prac-* 
tically all the secretaries, despite the fact that in many areas where 
the distress reached very serious proportions, their work involved 
a vast amount of labour. Many of those secretaries were people 
in poor circumstances, who had to work for their living during the 
day, and who devoted their scanty leisure to the work of helping 
their suflfering neighbours. No secretary was paid a regular salary, 
and only in a few cases was an ex gratia grant of a small sum 
paid by the central authority to officers, who found it necessary to 
devote some of their working hours to the work of the committees. 
No claims for such payment were presented by the secretaries 
concerned, and in making it the central ofifke desired to offer some 
slight recompense to people who could ill afford the loss of their 
wages resulting from their devotion to charitable work on behalf 
of their afflicted neighbours, and to mark its appreciation of their 
self-sacrifice. 

With those committees originated applications for relief to the 
Standing Executive in Dublin, and by them, accompanying the 
applications, were submitted details concerning the nature of the 
distress, its causes, and other circumstances relative thereto e. g.. 



32 IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 

the numiber of dcpeiulciits of the prsons for whom relief was sought, 
their ages, the manner in wliich it was proposed to apply any sum 
granted, etc. 

At first every application came up for decision before the 
Standing Eecutive Committee, thus enabling that body to gain a 
full knowledge of the various kinds of relief needed, and to formu- 
late lines of policy and to make rules governing the mode in which 
grants were to be distributed. Before long the numsber of cases for 
decision became so large that to have them dealt with individually 
by the Standing Executive would have involved undue delay 
when immediate relief was needed. Accordingly, at an early date, 
the various types of distress were classified, and the decision as to 
whether a particular application came under any of the various 
heads left to a sub-committee appointed ad hoc. Later this com- 
mittee, with the sanction of the Standing Executive, arranged that 
all ordinary cases should be dealt with by the Director, acting in 
conjunction with one or more members of the commktee of relief 
— unusual or special cases ibeing still referred to the Standing 
Executive. This arrangement made it possible to have applications 
considered with the minimum of delay, and thenceforward this 
was the procedure followed in every case in which relief was 
granted, outside the areas of Cork and Belfast. 

In Cork, owing to the special circumstances due to the burning 
of the city, a special Committee, the Cork District Committee of 
Relief, was authorised to deal with all applications for personal 
relief within the city and county. The procedure followed in 
dealing with these applications was identical with that of the Dub- 
lin Central Office, the Committee apportioning the relief to the 
sufferers in its area and receiving from Dublin the necessary funds. 

As regards Belfast, the local committee that had been organ- 
ised to collect for the "Belfast Expelled Workers' Fund" in aid of 
the victims of the expulsions of July, 1920, had practically ex- 
hausted its funds by the time the Irish White Cross was inaugur- 
ated. The latter body had, therefore, to undertake responsibility 
for the continuance of the relief work, and this it did by paying to 
the local committee £5,000 per week. This arrangement continued 
until November, 1921, when, in consequence of the great increase 
in the number of cases to be relieved, and the newer forms of dis- 
tress accompanying each new outbreak of violence, it was found 



IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 33 

necessary to establish a special Belfast White Cross Committee, to 
supervise the personal relief work in that city and its vicinity, 
which received the necessary funds from the Dublin Central Office. 

Reference has been made to the voluntary character of the 
work done by the parish committees. The same remark applies 
to that performed by the members of the General Council, the 
Standing Executive, and the various sub-committees that it was 
found necessary to institute. The only expenses incurred were 
in connection with the staffs in the central office at Dublin, and 
the offices in Cork and Belfast, where the large amount of distress 
to be relieved entailed the employment of whole-time officials. The 
Standing Executive passed a resolution that none of its members 
should be eligible for any paid office connected with the work of 
the Society, and also that all administrative expenses should be 
paid out of money subscribed in Ireland, thus setting free for pur- 
poses of relief all the funds that came through the American Com- 
mittee. 

In the Balance Sheet (Section I.) will be found a statement 
of the administrative expenses, from which it will be apparent 
that the percentage of the total cost to the amount expended in 
relief was uncommonly low, amounting to less than one per cent. 
That the expenses were kept so low is due to the vast amount 
of lat)0ur voluntarily undertaken and cheerfully carried out in the 
cause of this great national charity. 

During the period of the working of the Irish White Cross 
distress of all kinds, both connected with an unconnected with the 
conflict, was so prevalent that it was found necessary to define 
what was a White Cross case. In the definition two conditions 
were laid down as necessary: — 

(a) There must be actual distress, requiring monetary or 
other aid, that could not be provided unless the White Cross 
helped. For instance, if a sufferer's needs could be provided for 
by his relatives' application, on his behalf would not be enter- 
tained. 

(b) The distress must have risen through the existing strife 
in Ireland. 

In deciding on the applications these two conditions were al- 
ways strictly adhered to. This policy, doubtless, led to the rejection 



34 IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 

of many claims for relief that would come within the scope of an 
ordinary charitable society, but the extent of the distress arising 
out of the warfare was so vast that it was found necessary to re- 
strict relief in this way, otherwise the funds available would not 
have covered a tithe of the cases that were specific White Cross 
cases. 

A rough attempt at classification of the kinds of distress that 
were relieved by the Society, with a summary of the expenditure 
and the reasons therefor, is here set forth : — 

A.— PERSONAL RELIEF. 

(a) Relief in form of weekly allowances was granted to de- 
pendents of civilians who were prevented from working at their 
business through being "on the run" or imprisoned for reasons 
connected with the political situation, and to the dependents of 
civilians killed in the course of the struggle. 

(b) Similar allowances were made to civilians when for 
various reasons arising out of the political situation, they were 
prevented from following their ordinary occupations, e. g., through 
being forbidden by the British authorities to reside in their home 
areas, or through being expelled from their work, as happened 
in Belfast, or through the destruction of their business by the 
action of the Crown forces, pending its re-establishment. 

(c) Grants in the form of lump sums were made to persons 
who had been wounded, where the circumstances made such a 
payment preferable to a weekly dole, and also in similar circum- 
stances for the purchase of necessities, such as clothing, bedding, 
essential furniture, and trade implements, when such articles had 
been destroyed in the course of the policy of the terror, carried 
out so extensively against the non-combatant population. 

Personal relief (grants and weekly allowances), thus distrib- 
uted through thirty-two counties of Ireland, the sums varying ac- 
cording to the amount of distress that prevailed, amounted on 31st 
August. 1922, to £742,187 5s. 5d. The apportionment by prov- 
inces of this sum was as follows: — 



IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 35 

£ s. d. 

Leinster 86,489 2 8 

Ulster 359,320 13 1 

Munster 230,775 4 6 

Connaught - ••........ 35,602 5 2 

Total £742,187 5 5 

Particulars as to the amounts received for distribution by the 
different parish committees will be found in Appendix D., in the 
audited statement of the "Geographical Distribution of Personal 
Relief to August 31, 1922." The large amounts spent in this man- 
ner in Ulster and Munster as compared with the other provinces 
are mainly due to the calls upon the Society from Belfast and 
Cork, where, owing to the special circumstances connected with 
the warfare in both these areas, the distress to be relieved reached 
appalling proportions. 

Of the items coming under; the head of personal relief one 
seems worthy of special mention — the help given through the So- 
ciety to Irish prisoners and their dependents. Very many of thos^ 
imprisoned were persons in poor circumstances, and their deten- 
tion meant acute want for their families. In many cases the 
prisoners were the sole bread-winners in their homes, and their 
wages were the only means of support their families had. In other 
cases their labour was necessary to the working of their farms, 
and in their absence it had to be substituted by hired help. It is 
true that frequently the imprisoned labourers were replaced on the 
farm by voluntary workers from the neighbourhood — and the Irish 
peasant is always generous in rendering such help. But in the dis- 
tressed areas such voluntary labour was not always available — 
there were too many involved in the circumstances that caused 
the distress, and if the farms were to ibe worked — as they had to 
be worked if the families were to be enabled to live — labour had 
to be hired. In all these cases the prisoner's dependents had to be 
helped to live in his absence. 

Direct help was given with this object by the Irish White 
Cross in the ordinary course of the relief work carried out through 
the parish committees ; (but, in order to prevent overlapping, it was 
considered wise to utilise the organisation of the Prisoners De- 



36 IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 

pendents' Fund for the distribution of relief in Dublin and dis- 
trict in the case of the dependents of prisoners. The committee 
of this organisation co-operated with the Irish White Cross dur- 
ing the whole period of relief, and on the release of the prisoners 
that followed the Treaty of Peace the sum of £10,000 was en- 
trusted to the committee, to enable it to meet the very pressing 
needs of hundreds of the released men. Many of them were abso- 
lutely penniless, and when the prison doors were opened they 
found themselves free men indeed, but unable to travel to their 
homes for want of money to pay their fares. Many of them, too, 
had to be provided with clothing, not merely for the sake of com- 
fort, but often for the sake of decency. And when finally they did 
reach their homes, many had still to be supported because they 
were unable to find work, or because they were unable to work 
owing to physical breakdown, due to their confinement in the 
frequently insanitary prisons and internment camps. 

The Irish White Cross owes it to itself to emphasise this as- 
pect of its work of relief if only in answer to voices of criticism, 
honest, perhaps, but certainly) ill-informed, that have sometimes 
found fault with its administration from tTie National standpoint. 
It is true that such critics are few, very few; but, like all people 
anxious to find faults, they have been persistent. That there is no 
basis for such criticism is clear from the sums spent on the relief 
of prisoners and their dependents. 

B.— RECONSTRUCTION. 

While relief in the foregoing forms was necessary all through 
the period during which the Society functioned, it was always felt 
that work of a reconstructive character was desirable. The doles 
and grants met merely the immediate needs, but they were not 
sufficient if the sufferers were to be placed in a position to take up 
the broken threads of their occupations, and to resume the busi- 
ness of making a livelihood for themselves and their dependents. 
Houses had to be repaired in order to provide the victims of the 
policy of the fire-brand and the explosive-bomb with a roof to shel- 
ter them, and money had to be supplied in order to enable them to 
replace destroyed stock and and farm implements, etc. — in a word, 
they had to be enabled to earn their bread by their own exertions, 
and to be free from the taint of charity. 



IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 37 

That the Executive Committee had from the beginning con- 
templated a policy of reconstruction is clear from the first appeal 
issued by the Society; and with this object in view a special 
Reconstruction Commission was appointed in April, 1921. In that 
month the Executive Committee appointed a number of Commis- 
sioners "to administer funds intended for use in the form of repay- 
able loans, for the purpose of rebuilding destroyed houses in the 
devastated areas, and for other works of reconstruction." The 
following were the original Commissioners: — The Right Hon. L. 
O'Neill, Lord Mayor of Dublin; Most Rev. Dr. McRory, Lord 
Bishop of Down and Connor; Right Hon. Sir Horace Plunkett, 
K.P., K.C.V.O., President of the LA.O.S.; Messrs. Stephen 
O'Mara, Mayor of Limerick; Frank Daly, Chairman of the Cork 
Harbour Commissioners; James G. Douglas, Thomas Johnson, 
James McNeill and Miss Louie Bennett. 

This Commission was not only representative in character, 
but was composed of persons who, it was felt, were specially fitted 
to deal with work of the kind contemplated. Unfortunately, owing 
to the conditions that prevailed in the spring of 1921, the Commis- 
sion was reluctantly forced to the conclusion that no reconstruc- 
tion work could be then attempted, and consequently, prior to the 
Truce of July, 1921, very fewt loans were negotiated. With the 
Truce it became possible for the Commission to obtain accurate 
information as to the ruin wrought and the possibility of making 
it good. Up to that period it had been practically impossible to 
visit the devastated areas, and no detailed inquiry into the nature 
of the destruction or the means for its repair could be undertaken. 
After that date, however, investigators were sent into every county 
to report on the ruin wrought, and the measures possible for its 
repair. 

Guided by their architects and investigators, the Commission- 
ers proceeded with a policy of reconstruction. As a beginning a 
sum of £100,000 was set aside for the work. Applications were 
made by the sufferers for advances for specific purposes, e. g., to 
enable them to repair portions of their houses or outbuildings, to 
help them to replace destroyed stocks in shops, or destroyed farm 
machinery, etc. 

The method adopted by the Commissioners in dealing with ap- 
plications for loans was as follows : — A business committee was 



38 IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 

appointed, consisting of Messrs. Johnston, James G. Douglas, James 
McNeill, Professor Purcell, and R. J. Mortished, with Dr. Kennedy 
as Secretary. Applications were first considered by this Commit- 
tee, and reported on to the Commission. After a number of cases 
of varying character had .been dealt with by the Commission, and 
general rules of guidance laid down, the business committee was 
given power to deal with applications for loans within certain defi- 
nite limits, provided they came within the general rules as laid 
down. Exceptional cases were dealt with by the whole Commis- 
sion, but very few applications for large sums could be considered 
owing to the want of adequate funds. 

At the time of the setting up of the Commission it was antici- 
pated that a much larger sum than it was found possible to allo- 
cate would have been available, and at least £500,000 was expected. 
Owing, however, to the long period that intervened between the 
Truce and the signing of the Treaty and release of the prisoners, 
and to the consequent long period during which ordinary relief 
doles had to be continued, the sums available became much de- 
pleted. In addition, there was the absolute necessity for the con- 
tinuance of relief in Belfast, which compelled the Executive at the 
final allocation of the funds to reserve a large sum for this pur- 
pose, with the result that it was found impossible to provide for 
reconstruction on the scale originally contemplated. 

The comparative smallness of the amount availa'ble — in all the 
sums allocated to this purpose amounted to £270,493, 10s Od.— ^ 
forced the Commission to abandon all plans for larger loans and 
for the reconstruction of factories and works. This occasioned 
much unavoidable disappointment, and the Commission desires to 
express its sincere regret to those who, after much patient waiting, 
found that their requests could not be granted. 

In granting loans, the Commission accepted as security the 
decrees for compensation obtained by the victims in the civil courts. 
When such decrees were not available — e. g., in martial law areas, 
where such cases were withdrawn from the jurisdiction of the civil 
courts — advances were made after careful examination of the claims 
that the victims would have made, had the courts been open to 
hear their cases. The borrower undertook to repay the loan in full, 
if and when compensation was granted from public sources. Al- 
ready a Reparation Commission is sitting, and the White Cross 



IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 39 

expects to have most of the money advanced repaid by this Com- 
mission — in fact, a few of the loans have already been repaid, and 
the amounts set aside for the work of relief made necessary by the 
need in Belfast. The reason that the White Cross determined to 
carry out its. work of reconstruction through loans was because 
it contemplated that any settlement between Ireland and England 
would involve, as an integral part of the Treaty of Peace, compen- 
sation from public sources for the losses sustained in the course of 
the conflict. 

In all some 650 loans were granted; of these the great majority 
were for the purpose of providing shelter for homeless people. The 
sums advanced were paid in instalments as the work of rebuilding 
progressed. 

Some idea of the work of the Commission, and of its relation 
to the general relief work of the Irish White Cross, may be gathered 
from the following typical cases, as reported on by the investigators 
for the purposes of the Reconstruction Commission : — 

(a) "A widow with one daughter and two sons. The 
house, together with furniture, out-buildings, anc^ their con- 
tents — hay, farm implements, etc. — destroyed by British forces. 
The family are living in a ruined stable. They ask for a loan 
of £400, which they propose to use in putting the house and 
necessary outbuildings in repair before the winter, and to pro- 
vide the necessary implements for working their farm. They 
were comfortable, substantial farmers, and are now; reduced 
to poverty." A loan of £300 was granted. 

(b) "The dwellinghouse and furniture entirely destroyed 
by the military, Since then the father has lost his reason ; 
one daughter is an invalid; one son is in prison, and three 
others could not reside at home through ifear of arrest. The 
military did not permit the neighbours to work the farm in the 
a'bsence of the sons. One man who did so was shot and 
'bayoneted by Crown forces. A loan of from £300 to £400 
would be necessary to re-roof and repair the house, the walls 
of which are standing.'* A loan of £350 was granted. 

(c) "An aged man, bent double with rheumatism, with a 
wife, two daughters and son. Their dwellinghouse was blown 
up in May, 1921. So great was the force of the explosion that 



40 IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 

the walls' are in ruins, in some places to the very foundations. 
There is immediate necessity to provide these people with 
shelter for the winter." Loan of £300 was granted, 
(d) "A co-operative creamery, used by a number of small 
farmers was destroyed by fire, and its machinery rendered use- 
less. The farmers have suffered individually during the terror, 
and are consequently unable to provide the funds for its re- 
construction. A decree for £3,000 compensation has been 
granted by the courts, but there is no immediate prospect of 
payment, and the loss of the creamery is a very severe blow 
to the economic welfare of the community generally. A loan 
of £1,000 would enable them to re-start the creamery, and 
would relieve the White Cross of the necessity of granting 
personal relief to many who at present are in receipt of weekly 
doles." Loan of £1,000 granted. 

(e) "A large firm, employing a large numiber of hands, was 
practically completely destroyed. A decree for £45,000 has 
been granted by the courts. It is estimated that a sum of 
£13,000 would enable the owners to-reopen their business, 
and thus give employment to very many, who otherwise must 
be supported by the Irish White Cross." 
In this case the White Cross advanced £3,000, and the remain- 
ing £10,000 was borrowed from the bank. 

All of these cases, except the last, may be taken as typical, an 1 
hundreds of similar cases might be cited. The last is one of the 
few cases in which the Commission was able to sanction a large 
loan. 

In Appendix E will be found a schedule setting forth the 
geographical distribution of the money expended in the work of 
reconstruction. 

[N.B. — In addition to the general investigation made for the 
purposes of the Reconstrucion Commission, a special detailed sur- 
vey of the material destruction done throughout the country was 
carried out at the request of the late Mr. Collins, who asked for 
this information during the peace negotiations with the British 
Government.] 



IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 41 

C— SPECIALISED FORMS OF RELIEF. 

(a) Feeding of School Children. 

(b) Infant Welfare Societies. 

(c) Provisions of means of employment through work- 
rooms or otherwise where industries had ibeen destroyed, with 
the object of affording employment to persons who would 
otherwise have to receive personal relief. 

(d) Aid given where economic distress prevailed, though 
not directly traceable to the action of Crown forces, but indi- 
rectly connected with such action, e.g., in isolated areas such 
as Dingle. Also in many districts along the Western seaboard 
— Donegal, Mayo, Connemara, Kerry. 

(e) Children's Fund. 

(f) Grants of comparatively large sums to children's hos- 
pitals and hostels for persons wounded or suffering from shock, 
who, in the straitened circumstances of such hospitals and 
houses, due to the war, would be otherwise uncared for. 
The following are the amounts expended on these various forms 
of specialised relief: — 

(a) To the feeding of school children £3,386 17s. Od. was 
devoted. By way of a beginning, a contribution of £1,000 was 
made to the Dublin Corporation School Meals Committee. 
Later the Society authorised that Committee to provide the 
children of necessitous parents with meals during the school 
holidays, undertaking to be responsible for the cost, which was 
estimated to amount to £991. It also provided a sum of 
£500 for improvement in the quality and quantity of the food 
supplied where such food was admittedly unsatisfactory. This 
was a most needed action, inasmuch as the only food it was 
found possible to supply in many of the schools in the slum 
areas was frequently only an unsubstantial meal of bread and 
cocoa — a meal wholly inadequate for growing children who 
came to school hungry from their poverty-stricken homes. The 
balance was expended in other areas where similar need for 
such relief existed. In addition to the figures mentioned above 
as spent on School Meals, a further sum of £13,000 has been 
allocated since 31st March, 1922, for the feeding and clothing of 



42 IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 

School Children in the poverty-stricken areas along the west 
coast, where through the Society clothes have been supplied 
to some 2,000 children. 

(b) To the support of Infant Welfare Societies the sum 
of £359 10s. Od. was contributed. Through this sum milk was 
enabled to be supplied for the infants of necessitous parents, 
and provision made for the wants of expectant and nursing 
mothers in needy circumstances. These societies are main- 
tained by charitable subscriptions, supplemented (as in Dublin) 
by grants of small sums from the Corporation. Owing to the 
dislocation of the finances of the local authorities, these grants, 
much as they were needed, could not be paid. The grants 
made through the Irish White Cross were an important factor 
in allowing them to continue their beneficient work, and cer- 
tainly contributed to the preservation of many a child or mother 
who, without them, doubtless, would be among the victims of 
the Irish war. 

(c) On the financing of efforts to provide employment in 
areas where industries had been destroyed, the sum of £4,608 
15s. Id. was spent. Of this sum £2,046 13s. 2d. was devoted 
to the knitting industry in Balbriggan, where the destruction 
of a hosiery factory had left a large number of persons without 
employment; £72 3s. 3d. was spent on the provision of means 
for the continuance of cottage industries where the former 
plant had been destroyed; £2,489 18s. 8d. was spent on financ- 
ing workroom schemes. In these workrooms employment was 
afforded to many who otherwise would have been included 
among the recipients of Irish White Cross relief in the form 
of weekly doles. Moreover, many dependents of those who 
had lost their lives, or were otherwise sufferers in the conflict, 
were enabled through them to learn a trade, which now 
renders them self-supporting. 

The workrooms in Dublin were under the direction of a Com- 
mittee, the Chairman of which was Madame Gonne-McBride. They 
started with some 10 workers ; this number gradually increased to 
about 70. All were paid the standard Trade Union wage obtaining 
in their particular occupation, and worked under the usual Trade 
Union conditions. The work done in these rooms embraced all 



IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 43 

departments of needlework in connection with women's and chil- 
dren's and youth's garments. Expert cutters were employed, and 
the work turned out compared well in respect of finish and general 
workmanship with anything of the same type produced in the 
regular business concerns of the city. At the Aonach — a Christmas 
fair and exhibition of Irish products — held at the Dublin Mansion 
House in December, 1921, the display from the Dublin White Cross 
Workroms attracted much attention. 

Besides those who found employment in the rooms while re- 
siding in Dublin, some of the unemployed embroidresses and seam- 
stresses in the centres of the cottage industries were provided 
through them with work in their homes, where they embroidered 
the finished articles sent to them from Dublin, receiving the usual 
rate of pay. 

(d) In many parts of the western seaboard, from Donegal 
in the North to Kerry in the South, severe economic distress 
is a periodical visitant, owing to the infertility of the soil and 
the lack of those openings for laibour that elsewhere find em- 
ployment for large numbers of the population. The problem 
presented by those areas has long occupied the attention of 
statesmen and social workers. They are officially known as 
"Congested Districts," after the title of the Act of the British 
Parliament of 1891, which made some attempt to' grapple with 
the difficulties arising from the almost chronic distress that 
prevails within them. 

At the best, the measures hitherto taken have ibeen no better 
than palliative ; distress recurs with an almost fatal periodicity, and 
the menace of famine is never far distant. The lives of the inhabi- 
tants are a never-ending struggle with a nature that, bounteous in 
the scenic splendour of sea and land and sky, is niggard in all 
that relates to the necessaries of life. For of the people of these 
districts the poet's words are true in their most literal sense — 
they "force a churlish soil for scanty bread." 

The small holdings on which the people are crowded are in 
general of the type described as uneconomic, and the majority of 
them do not provide even the physical basis of a decent standard 
of living, much less of comfort. The potato crop, the main source 



44 IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 

of sustenance of the people, is ever liable to failure, and when this 
happens starvation comes near — starvation in the actual sense of 
the word, the painful, lingering death from hunger. A few local 
industries are carried out as a supplement to such agriculture as the 
nature of the soil renders possible, e.g., kelp burning, the cutting 
and saving of turf for sale outside the borders, fishing on a small 
scale along the storm-swept coasts, here and there the weaving of 
homespun yarns. 

Even at the best of times a large proportion of those people 
would suffer from hunger, were it not that their scanty resources 
are eked out by the wages the younger people earn by migratory 
labour in the agricultural districts in other parts of Ireland, and in 
England and Scotland. During the time of conflict this supplement 
to their resources was no longer possible, and, moreover, some parts 
of these areas were subjected, as part of the terror, to a rigorous 
blockade, which isolated them from the world without. These 
factors, combined with one of the periodical failures of the potato 
crop, reduced some parts of these districts, notably Connemara and 
Donegal, to actual famine. Men and women and children were 
actually dying from want of food, aggravated by disease, that 
always accompanies such conditions of life; many of these victims, 
too, had sufTered through the killings, maimings, burnings, the 
ordinary incidents of the terror that had swept through the whole 
country. 

There was no question but that relief work in those afflicted 
areas was a duty proper for the Irish White Cross to undertake. 
Careful investigation was made, and a sum of £20,000 was allo- 
cated for the provision of the barest necessities of life — food and 
clothing and seed — for the victims of niggard nature and the inci- 
dents of the Irish war. With this sum, supplemented by funds 
raised throughout the country by charitable institutions for this 
specific purpose, supplies of food — potatoes and meal — 'were made 
available for the starving people at various distributing centres. 
Besides this, special provision was made for the care of the chil- 
dren, and £13,000 was devoted, as already mentioned, to the feed- 
ing and clothing of children in the schools. 

It is true that the sum allocated to meet the distress in those 
regions was but small, but it must be remembered that the White 
Cross funds were then practically exhausted in relieving the wants 



IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 45 

of the people throughout the country. Small as the sum was, 
nevertheless it cannot be doubted that it has preserved the lives 
of many who, without it, would have died from famine and its 
attendant pestilence. 

(e) £150,000 has been set aside as a "Children's Fund," 
to provide for children whose parents have been killed in the 
course of the struggle, and have left them unprovided for. 
This sum is being administered by a special committee, which 
is acting under the supervision of the Trustees of the Irish 
White Cross. The general intention is to provide for the edu- 
cation and upbringing of these orphans, in a manner that shall 
be, at least, not inferior to that in which they would have been 
brought up had their fathers been left to them. 

The Committee has been investigating the circumstances of 
those "orphans of the war." In Appendix F. will be found the 
names of the members of the Committee. The task that devolves 
upon it is one that calls for care and judgment;' to those that know 
them the names of its members are a sufficient warrant that those 
qualities will not be lacking when they come to close quarters with 
their difficult and delicate task. 

(/) On Children's Hospitals £3,673 16s. 4d. was ex- 
pended — this apart altogether from sums paid to hospitals for 
the care of wounded persons, which payments came under the 
head of "personal relief." 

Under this head may be mentioned the women and children 
suflfering from shock or other nervous and physical disorders oc- 
casioned by the wracking experiences many of them underwent in 
the course of the war. In many parts of Ireland the common in- 
cidents of the terror, the indiscriminate shootings, the explosions, 
the irruptions of bands of ruffians into houses at dead of night, the 
burnings of homes and driving of the inhabitants into the darkness, 
often clad only in their night attire, was frequently attended, when 
actual death did not ensue, by consequences very serious to the 
mental and physical health of the victims of these outrages. Chil- 
dren and women, especially expectant or nursing mothers, suffered 
greatly in health, many of them, indeed, ibeing permanently injured. 
For the worst cases it was, found necessary to provide a centre 



46 IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 

where they would be cared for, and) new and quieter surroundings 
in which they might forget the terrors to which they had been 
exposed. 

An ideal place for recuperation was found in the Convent Hos- 
tel at Baldoyle near Dublin. The Irish White Cross undertook the 
responsi'bility of paying the expenses of those who were sent to the 
Hostel. Since it was found that the patients were greatly benefited 
by their stay there, it was decided to provide the funds necessary 
to enlarge the equipment of the Hostel, and so make possible the 
accommodation of larger numbers of patients. The unanimous 
testimony of these — patients or visitors — who are in a position to 
speak of the effects on the suffers of their stay there, is that the 
money expended was expended to good purpose, and that many are 
now restored to health who, without the treatment they were thus 
enabled to receive, might be permanent invalids. 

Another institution helped by the Irish White Cross, to the 
great benefit of the suffering children of the poor of Dublin, was 
the Infant Hospital at Charlemont Street, Dublin. To it the So- 
ciety contributed the sum of £1,600, to enable the Board to make 
such improvements and extensions as the growing calls upon it 
rendered necessary. 

A grant of £1,000 was also made to the Children's Hospital, 
Temple Street, Dublin, to assist the Hospital to provide meals for 
children. 

SECTION VI. 

CHECKS ON THE EXPENDITURE OF THE FUNDS FOR 

RELIEF. 

From the beginning of its operations the Irish White Cross, 
through its Standing Committee, took steps to ensure the careful 
management of the funds entrusted to it for administration. Its 
books were constantly audited by a firm of public Auditors, and 
receipts and disbursements recorded and checked, so that at any 
moment it was possible to ascertain how its finances stood. 

On the Central Office in Dublin fell the task of examining all 
applications for personal relief from all part of Ireland outside Cork 
and Belfast, where special local committees acted for their re- 
spective areas, as Dublin acted for the rest of Ireland receiving 



IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 47 

through the Dublin offices the sums needed for the relief work 
conducted by them. Even in these areas all loans for reconstruc- 
tion work were made by the Central Office, to which applications 
were sent direct, the sums advanced being thence sent to the appli- 
cants direct. 

As has been said in a previous section, applications' for per- 
sonal relief originated with the parish communities, who, guided 
by their knowledge of local circumstances, were in a position to 
guarantee the genuineness of all applications sent iby them to the 
central office. As a general rule, it was found that the voucher 
of these committees could be relied on, for their members were 
persons of responsible positions, anxious to conserve as much as 
possible the funds available for relief of the needs of the Irish 
people in general, and not merely of those in their own localities. 

When the Truce of July, 1921, made it possible for the central 
office to examine, through its investigators, the working of the 
various committees, it was found that in general but little change 
had to be made in the recommendations they had sent forward. 

The Central Committee fixed as its standard scale for personal 
relief a weekly sum of 10s. for each adult, and 5s. for each child 
under 16 years of age. In certain cases variation was permitted 
in this rate, e. g., where the person relieved was an adult living 
alone, an increase in the rate could be made, as it was clear that 
what would suffice for the support of such a sufferer when living 
with his family would be inadequate when he lived alone. Again, 
where sufferers had some resources left, but inadequate for their 
support, the rates allowed were less than the standard. 

The parish committee, in making application for relief for the 
sufferers, filled in special forms, on which were entered their names 
and all relevant circumstances, which forms were then transmitted 
to Dublin, to be decided on by the relief su'b-committee there. The 
applications were renewable monthly, and the necessary funds sent 
to each committee without delay. The parish secretary paid to 
each person the sum granted to him, and obtained his signed 
receipt, which was retained for inspection by the agents of the 
central office. Thus every precaution was taken to ensure that 
there should be no possibility of fraud or other abuse in connec- 
tion with the money allocated for this work of relief. 



48 IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 

With regard to the work of the Reconstruction Commission, 
advances for reconstruction were in no case made without careful 
investigation by experts (engineers and architects) into all the 
circumstances. Each applicant had not only to show that his case 
came within the definition of what was a White Cross case ; he 
had also to specify the purpose for which he sought the advance, 
and to satisfy the experts who advised the Reconstruction Com- 
mission. It was part of the duty of these experts to advise appli- 
cants as to the best manner in which the advance, if made, could 
be employed, and where houses had to be repaired or replaced 
they took into account all the circumstances in relation to existing 
portions of the ruined buildings and to local labour and material 
that would allow of the work being done with greatest economy. 
In considering each application, the Reconstruction Commission 
gave special attention to possible economic advantage to the dis- 
trict that might result from granting the advance, e. g., if the appli- 
cant were enabled thereby to resume business, work would be 
available for persons who would othervrise have to be supported 
by White Cross funds. Here, too, every possible precaution was 
taken to ensure the right use of the funds available for this branch 
of the Society's efforts, and it cannot be questioned that the work 
of the Reconstruction Commission was the most permanently use- 
ful part of its activities, and that it is a monument that will last 
long after the Society has ceased to function. 

As regards the sum expended on relief work of other kinds, 
such as the grants for the feeding of children and in aid of schemes 
for the promotion of employment, the contributions to the Prison- 
ers Dependents' Fund, etc., they were given only after the closest 
investigation by the Society into the circumstances in each case. 
As they were distributed through public or quasi-public bodies, 
there was ample reason for knowing that they were devoted solely 
to the purposes for which they were allocated by the Society. 

No complaint has ever been made that any money of the Irish 
White Cross has been misapplied, in the sense that it has failed 
to reach those for whom it was granted. It is, therefore, only due 
to the committees, central and local, and to the persons concerned 
in making these grants, or handing them on to those for whom 
they were intended, to put it on record that they have shown them- 
selves animated by a high sense of duty in accord with their posi- 



IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 49 

tions as trustees, in a certain sense, of the public weal. Special 
mention is here due one of the unselfish and untiring labours of the 
many women throughout Ireland, and particularly of those of the 
Dublin Committee of Relief, who were unsparing of time and toil 
in bringing relief, to the afflicted. In a difficult and dangerous time 
these persons took upon themselves the task of helping to relieve 
thousands of sufferers, the great majority of them without fee or 
reward of any kind other than the consciousness of duty done, and 
if the sufferings of their countrymen have been alleviated by the 
work of the Irish White Cross — as they have been — it is largely 
due to the devotion of so many voluntary workers in the cause of 
charity. 



SECTION VII. 

TRIBUTES TO THE WORK OF THE IRISH WHITE CROSS 
AND OF THE AMERICAN COMMITTEE FOR RELIEF 
IN IRELAND. 

The following is an extract from the famous letter from his 
late Holiness, Pope Benedict XV., to His Eminence Cardinal Logue, 
accompanying a munificent contribution to the funds of the 
Society : — 

"We have heard with pleasure that you, our beloved son, 
impelled by the charity that suffers no delay, and commands us to 
lay aside all differences of parties and opinions, and bring aid to 
the afflicted and the needy, have been at pains to establish, and 
zealous to foster, an association known as the White Cross, the 
object of which is to collect funds for the relief of those in distress 
in Ireland through the devastation of property or other acts of 
violence. It is no less a source of joy to us that many others, dif- 
fering in religion and nationality, have united with you in this 
union of love, and that to your united appeal great numbers of 
generous men, not merely from Ireland, but from other nations, 
have given an enthusiastic response. And ... we forward, as 
a token of our affection for your people, so hard-pressed, 200,000 
Italian lire, and we trust that this sum will do something to relieve 
their distress." 



50 IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 

The Irish Hierarchy, meeting at Maynooth, June 22, 1921, in 
a pronouncement dealing with the general condition of affairs in 
Ireland, expressed warm approval of the White Cross, and ex- 
horted the priests and people to give the Society their support. 

The part of the pronouncement dealing with the White Cross 
is as follows : — 

"Owing to the barbarous destruction of life and property 
many thousands have been reduced to a condition of pitiable desti- 
tution. To alleviate distress the White Cross Association, con- 
sisting of members differing in religious and political views, has 
been formed, and is doing excellent work. 

"We exhort our priests and people to subscribe to its funds 
as generously as their means will allow. 

"We avail ourselves of this occasion to express our gratitude 
to all who have come to our assistance, and especially to the Am- 
erican people for their inexhaustible benevolence." 

The following are messages sent by members of the Irish 
Hierarchy to the Society (September, 1921), commending it for its 
beneficient work: — 

"It affords me the greatest pleasure to bear grateful testimony 
to the splendid workj for the relief of distress in Ireland by the 
clergy and people of the United States. 

"Much of the money for the Irish White Cross has been sent 
through me ; and each remittance left me in delighted admiration 
of the lavish charity of the American people. As a specimen of 
this magnificent charity I received up to £25,000 from the Arch- 
diocese of Philadelphia alone. The remittances from the other 
Dioceses were on a corresponding scale." 

(Signed), 

*l4 MICHAEL, CARDINAL LOGUE. 



"Ireland owes an everlasting debt of gratitude to the American 
people for the practical sympathy and marvelous generosity with 
which they have subscribed such large sums to the White Cross 
for reconstruction in Ireland, and particularly for helping so ma- 
terially the re-establishing and building up of industries obliged 



IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 51 

to close down, upon which industries depend to such a degree the 
work and life of our people." 

^ EDWARD J. BYRNE, 
Archbishop-elect of Dublin. 



"The Irish people are deeply grateful to the generous people 
of America, who have so largely contributed to the Irish White 
Cross. The need hasi been and still is great. Many valuable lives 
have been lost, towns have been wrecked, happy homes have been 
destroyed, creameries have been burned, bread-winners have been 
imprisoned, many people have 'been thrown out of employment. 
Like other parts of the country, the Archdiocese of Cashel has suf- 
fered severely. 

"Thanks to the beneficence of the White Cross much distress 
has been relieved amongst us. Donations have been given to de- 
serving ones ; loans have been granted for the rebuilding of homes. 
The Archdiocese has contributed generously to the Irish White 
Cross, but without the aid of our American friends it is impos- 
sible to meet all urgent needs." 

(Signed) 

►f. J. M. HARTY, 
Archbishop of Cashel. 



"The distribution of White Cross funds has given much relief 
in this Archdiocese. The people are most grateful for American 
generosity." 

(Signed), 

►f( THOMAS P. GILMARTIN, 

Archbishop of Tuam. 



"The White Cross has worked admirably in relieving the 
special distress of these trying times. There was not so much 
need for its solicitude in this diocese as in somej other parts of 
Ireland, but what it had to do it did with earnest care after 
thorough investigation, well appreciating the urgency of the call. 



52 IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 

In the long record of her sympathy with Ireland never did Amer- 
ica show herself more generous than during this year. A strong 
committee of old colonists stock came over from the States to 
report on the want and misery caused by devastation and imprison- 
ment. The advent of the highly influential body drew at once a 
warm response from the Chief Magistrate of the American people, 
and since then a stream of generous American aid has never ceased 
to flow. Until our nation is well on its feet the assistance will be 
greatly needed. May Providence ever give and preserve to Amer- 
ica the plenty that enables the great Republic to stand by every 
people in their day of need." 

(Signed), 

^ PATRICK O'DONNELL, 
Bishop of Raphoe. 



"In the hour of our need our country, yielding to a natural 
impulse, has even in the recent past made her appeal to one nation 
above and before every other, and at no time has she known that 
great nation to turn a deaf ear. Ever since the rise of the great 
Republic of the West Ireland has been bound to the United States 
by a bond of friendship, of gratitude and unfailing affection. And 
surely there never has been an occasion in the past which called for 
a display of those feelings so loudly and so eloquently as do the 
most recent benefactions of the American people. Here, in our 
own diocese of Kerry, our persecuted people have good reason to 
remember and be grateful for the timely help which has enabled 
not a few of them to keep body and soul together, after they had 
seen their homes reduced to ashes, their women ill-treated, their 
men folk cruelly done to death. And even now, in time of truce, 
through the actual ill-usage has, for the most part, come to an end, 
the consequences of past ill-usage and persecution still remain. In 
many parts of our diocese, especially along the seaboard, distress 
is rife, and, but for the assistance rendered by the American Com- 
mittee for Relief in Ireland through the agency of the Irish White 
Cross, starvation in many cases seemed absolutely inevitable. Dur- 
ing the past terrible year fishing communities have found it utterly 
impossible to ply their trade. Only at the peril of their lives could 
men venture to sea. All forms of transport were held up. And 



IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 53 

even when railway transport was again restored, the charges were 
so exorbitant as to make any profit impossible. It is greatly to be 
feared that the coming winter will find our poor people utterly 
unprepared to meet the severities of that season, and charitably 
persons who have gone into the homes of our poeple, and made 
themselves thoroughly acquainted with their dire need, are con- 
vinced that, unless effective and timely measures are concerted 
and help secured, the results for our poor people will be most de- 
plorable." 

(Signed), 

1^ CHARLES O'SULLIVAN, 
Bishop of Kerry. 



"We are very grateful for American aid." 

(Signed), 



►f. LAURENCE GAUGHRAN, 
Bishop of Meath. 



"The White Cross is doing excellent and much-needed work 
in this Diocese of Ossory in relieving distress caused by the recent 
disturbed condition of the country. For this Ireland must feel ever 
grateful to their countrymen in America, and to the kind-hearted 
and generous people generally of the United States." 

►f. ABRAHAM BROWNRIGG, 

Bishop of Ossory. 



"I have advised all the Priests of this Diocese to establish a 
Branch of the White Cross in their several parishes. . . . 

"We in Ireland are indebted to charitable, noble America for 
what success we have been able to command up to the present, 
and what we hope we shall achieve in the future. I offer her my 



54 IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 

high appreciation and heartfelt thanks, and ipray she may ever be 
the happy nation that she is, and the Teacher of Europe, as well 
as its earthly saviour." 

(Signed), 

.^ J. HOARE, 
Bishop of Ardagh and Clonmacnoise. 



"What America has done for relief of distress is gratefully 
appreciated here." 

(Signed), 

►{< PATRICK FINEGAN, 
Bishop of Kilmore. 



"In union with all the other Irish Bishops, assembled in gen- 
eral meeting last June, I have expressed the warmest commenda- 
tion of the White Cross for its wise and honest administration of 
the charitable funds entrusted to it for distribution. Experience 
adds to my appreciation of its work. The White Cross has still 
much charitable work to do, and is doing it from week to week. 
The destitution in Ireland, mainly the result of recent av/ful hap- 
penings, is still widespread. The generous American people have 
found in the White Cross a safe and efficient agency for the dis- 
tribution of their magnificent charity to the much-suffering Irish 
poor." 

(Signed), 

*^ ROBERT BROWNE. 

Bishop of Cloyne. 



"In a brief message I cannot adequately express my apprecia- 
tion of, and gratitude for, the generous and constant help extended 
by our friends in America to the Catholic people of this Diocese of 
Dromore. Victims of insensate fanaticism and bigotry, driven 
from their means of livelihood thirteen months ago, and still ex- 
cluded from it by Orange mobs, hundreds of workers and their 



IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 55 

families have been saved from starvation by means of the contri- 
butions received from America. At times the resources seemed 
precarious, though they never failed. Now all anxiety is removed 
through the well-organised methods of the White Cross." 

*l* EDWARD MULHERN, 

Bishop of Dromore. 



"The years 1920 and 1921 will be years ever memorable in our 
history for the unavailing efforts of a mighty power to crush in 
a sea of blood and in red ruin Ireland's just aspiration for liberty, 
but more memorable still for the effective measures taken by the 
great liberty-loving people of America to mitigate the horrors of 
the struggle, to assuage the sorrow of the sufferers, and to undo, 
so far as possible, the havoc wrought. Ireland's heroic fight for 
freedom appealed mightily to the great heart of America, and won 
a noble response in eloquent advocacy of our cause, in sustained 
practical sympathy with our aims, and in unstinted support for 
our sufferers. 

"It is impossible to exaggerate the need and value of the relief 
which American aid, so generously given to the White Cross, 
brought to the many thousands despoiled of their means of exist- 
ence, and rendered homeless and houseless by the ruthless methods 
employed against them; and to those others — many thousands — 
denied even the right to work, unless at the sacrifice of their re- 
ligious and national convictions. 

"Every Irish heart that beats true to the cause of Irish liberty, 
every heart which is not dead to sentiments of right and justice, 
is aglow with admiration and gratitude for America's well-sus- 
tained mighty effort to relieve the distressed and comfort the 
afflicted. ^ 

"Great things have been done, greater remain to do. Winter 
with its rigours approaches. Thousands still await a shelter against 
its storms, and more thousands still cry for bread. 

"Their cry will not go unheeded. As long as America stands 
they will not be allowed to fall victims to a cruel persecution. 



56 IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 

America, ever responsive to the cry of suffering humanity every- 
where, will assuredly continue to hearken to Ireland's call for aid." 

(Signed), 

•^ P. McKENNA, 

Bishop of Clogher. 



Some extracts follow from priests in the afflicted areas, and 
from the recipients of relief; these are valuable as first-hand testi- 
mony to the beneficial nature of the work : — 

"Please accept my willing testimony to the invaluable work 
done in this parish by the Irish White Cross. By the mercy of 
God this parish came off comparatively scathless. From Novem- 
ber, 1920, to March, 1921, we had, it is true, many nightly incur- 
sions of lorry-borne warriors into a peaceful little town. They looted 
at least three business houses, taking away £1,000 worth in one 
case and £400 in another, but they considerately abstained from 
burning down the houses. However, on one dreadful night in 
November, the horrors of which will never leave my memory, 
they took two gentle, inoffensive little boys from their beds and 
riddled them with bullets. At some risk I and another priest 
prepared one of them for death in the hour or two he lingered, 
and helped to carry the dead body of the other (his head had been 
almost blown away) back into his father's house. The miscreants 
tried to get two others but they escaped. One of these two was 
father of a family of six, the eldest only ten. He escaped by the 
back door in his night clothes, and had to fly from the district. 
His hard lot brought double pneumonia on him, but he recovered. 
During this time his wife and children would have starved had 
not the White Cross sent funds for their support in response to 
every appeal we made in their behalf. 

"The other victims were in better circumstances, and our local 
committee did not feel it necessary to invoke the aid of the White 
Cross. 

"To say we are grateful to the White Cross, and to those who 
supplied it with, funds for its Christian work, is a very feeble way 
of expressing what we feel. 

"P. CANON LYONS, P.P., 
"Ardee, Co. Louth." 



IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 57 

"When the Catholic village here was looted and burned by- 
armed Auxiliaries, aided by armed police from a neighbouring sta- 
tion, twelve months ago, and the full-grown male inhabitants were 
driven out in terror, I applied to your Society at the Shelbourne 
Hotel for financial assistance, which, after some necessary formali- 
ties were complied with, came in due course. From the beginning 
good neighbours threw open their doors to the homeless, and 
shared with them their daily bread, with a spirit worthy of the 
early Christians, so that American generosity was a relief to all, 
and we all gratefully acknowledge the fact. 

"D. GORMLEY, P.P., 
"Lakefield, Co. Fermanagh." 



"Well do you call the work of the 'White Cross' humanitarian, 
for nobly has it striven to make amends for the thousands of in- 
human deeds perpetrated against the Irish people. 

"The imprisonment and loss of so many of the youths of Ire- 
land was a big economic blow ; yet, on top of that, if life was to be 
worth living, parcels of food, clothes, etc., had to be provided for 
prisoners. And even the poorest did their best in this respect. 
But the burden was becoming too heavy when your organisation 
came along and shouldered the heavy weight. And your help was 
such a grand scheme that it never bore the taint of alms to a 
beggar, but uplifted and heartened the receivers. 

"May God bless the generous hearts that suggested the idea, 
and the generous help that carried it out. 

"PHILIP MULLIGAN, P.P., 

"Scotstown, Co. Monaghan." 



RESOLUTION PASSED BY THE ENNISTYMON PARISH 

COMMITTEE. 

" 'That the thanks of the members of this Committee be con- 
veyed to the American Committee for Relief in Ireland for the 
assistance given td the victims of the Irish War in this parish.' 

"Apart from the sums granted to persons to rebuild houses 
destroyed by the Crown forces as reprisals, this Committee has 
obtained from the Irish White Cross, and paid to the victims to 
this date, the sum of £820. 



58 IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 

"Amongst those on the relief list are the widow of a young 
man killed in September, 1920, during reprisals in the town, and 
her two young children ; the wives of five men 'on the run' — one 
having six young children, one five, one four, and two three each, 
and having no other means to support them ; and the wife of a man 
interned for over twelve months, with her two young children. 

"A. J. NESTOR, P.P., V.F., Chairman. 
"JOSEPH GRIFFEY, Secretary." 



"I think it is due to our American friends that I should write 
and, on behalf of three families in the parish — victims of the reign 
or terror — thank you for the prompt and generous aid afforded 
them. One family in particular, that of Mrs. O'Doherty, were it 
not for your help, would have been in very straitened circum- 
stances. Over twelve months ago her daughter, standing at her 
own door, had both her legs broken by a riflle ball fired by a police- 
man. In April last her son, the only bread-winner of the family, 
was taken out of his bed, and, with two other boys, shot dead by 
an Orange murder gang, said locally to have been chiefly Ulster 
Special Constables. A post-mortem revealed fifteen bullet wounds. 
This was a case of hardship in which your generous assistance 
was especially opportune. 

. "JAMES E. McKENNA, P.P., 

"Dromore, Co. Tyrone." 

"The Kenmare Parish Committee of the White Cross has 
pleasure in testifying to the valuable assistance it received from the 
Dublin Central Committee. It received more than £450, and this 
was distributed among about sixty selected applicants, in amounts 
varying from from £3 to £25. Though the amounts look small, 
the assistance and encouragement they gave were much beyond 
their face-value. 

"(Signed), 
"P. J. MARSHALL, P.P., V.P., 

"Chairman of Committee. 
"E. O'CONNOR, C.C, 

"Secretary." 



IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 59 

"I have to thank the Irish White Cross for some timely aid 
they sent us last spring for the purchase of seeds. Without this 
aid many a poor deserving farmer would have been obliged to 
allow his land to go fallow for want of seed. In addition to this 
sum we received two other contributions for the relief of the 
destitute needy poor of the district. My Committee are extremely 
grateful for those kindly aids, and have asked me to convey to 
the American Committee their sincere and grateful thanks. 

"M. McHUGH, P.P., 
"Carna, Co. Galway." 



"The total sum received in this parish towards the relief of 
distress was £2,334. The working expenses were a trifle. There 
were no legal expenses and no salaried workers on the local Com- 
mittee. 

"From the information at my disposal, I am fully satisfied that 
the funds were distributed with absolute impartiality. 

"Your American contributors, to whom we are immensely 
grateful, may rest assured that the funds entrusted to us by their 
representatives in Ireland have been distributed in accordance with 
their wishes. 

"J. P. McDonnell, 

"The Presbytery, Dingle, Co. Kerry." 



"Last week we were fortunate recipients of the sum of £333 
odd from the Irish White Cross on behalf of some of my parishon- 
ers. They had suffered very seriously in consequence of the war, 
so much so that, without any exaggeration whatsoever, I dare 
state in plain language that they were half starved with hunger. 
Your donation for them has been a real blessing; but unfortunately 
there are about one hundred other householders in the same 
localities who are equally destitute. These, and many others, 
would ere now have died of starvation were it not for the assistance 
received from private sources. In many cases a family have 
received two or three cakes of bread from a fairly independent 



60 IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 

farmer living at a distance. Sometimes a starving family would 
receive a basket of potatoes from a similar source; sometimes I 
would give £3 or £4 in the week to be distributed where most 
required. In that way the people have hitherto managd to subsist. 
They have consumed in most cases their seed potatoes. 

"The majority of those who are now in such dire distress are 
the owners of half-reclaimed patches, lying along the slope of 
mountain in an excessively congested district, which will each 
maintain a miserable specimen of a cow or two. The male members 
of the family become migratory labourers for a great portion of 
the year, at the end of which time they return with £20 or £30 
or £40, which they hand over to the neighbouring little shop- 
keeper, who gave them goods on credit during the preceding year. 
Once the account books are thus cleared they will as before obtain 
goods on credit for the ensuing year. During the war those poor 
householders were, through the activities of the Black and Tans, 
etc., unable to pay their debts to the local shopkeepers, and, con- 
sequently, could obtain no credit. Up to the present moment they 
could obtain no employment, and hence the semi-starvation. If 
you can come to their aid pleace do so, and God will reward you. 
The case is pressing. 

"D. MURPHY, P.P., 

"Castlemaine, Co. Kerry." 



"On behalf of the Inver White Cross Committee, I beg to 
convey in any adequate measure our deep feeling of gratitude to the 
for the splendid material and moral assistance we have been 
enabled to render, through the instrumentality of your excellent 
Committee, to the victims of the late war of repression and their 
dependents here in the Parish of Inver. No words of mine can 
convey in any adequate measure our deep feeling of gratitude to the 
great American Nation, which has surpassed itself in generosity 
throughout the terrible and prolonged ordeal through which we 
have passed. 

"Out of a total of £500 or thereabouts allocated to us we 
were enabled to make fair provision to meet the immediate demands 
of the cases specified. Generally speaking, we have granted one 
pound per week in each case to the dependents of the internees and 



IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 61 

the unemployed. One man, whose horse was shot by the military, 
had it replaced. Another, whose motor car was commandeered and 
dismantled, was supplied with a jaunting car. Allowance was 
made in a few cases for bed clothing and personal clothing de- 
stroyed, and two sewing machine provided. All are now restored 
to their old homes, and we trust, under the new Government, they 
will be able to repair their shattered fortunes in the near future. 
As not coming within the scope of our Committee, I have made 
no mention of £1,500 or thereabouts allocated to the reconstruc- 
tion of the Inver Creamery, which is now in full working order. 

"C. KENNEDY, P.P., 

"Parochial House, 
"Rosses, Co. Donegal." 



62 IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 

"On behalf of the Branch of the Irish White Cross in this 
parish, and on behalf of the parish generally, I wish to thank the 
American Committee for Relief in Ireland for the helping hand, 
extended to us for the past few months. 

"We did not suffer directly through the action of the British 
troops in destruction of life and property. But, as this is a fishing 
district, the action of the British Government in closing down the 
Dingle Railway, and in not allowing supplies — even food — into 
the district, interfered very seriously with the industry, and led to 
many cases of hardship and want. 

"The money given us through the White Cross was expended 
nearly altogether in giving employment on much needed local works 
such as improvement of boat slips, making approach roads, which 
had been thrown out of contract by local Councils for want of funds. 
Cases of direct relief were very few, such as poor women who had 
nobody to work for them or poor men unable to w'ork. 

"I am sure the humanity and kind sympathy manifested by the 
Great American Nation, in coming to Ireland's aid in her great 
struggle for freedom, will not be the least of her glories when she 
recounts her efforts throughout the world in behalf of that liberty 
with which her name will always be associated." 

"F. GRIFFIN, P.P., 
"Ballyferriter, Co. Kerry." 



"The Committee of the White Cross Association in the Parish of 
Aghagower, Co. Mayo, beg respectfully to thank the central body 
of the Association for the gracious help accorded to the poor and 
suffering of the parishioners, and to assure them that much addi- 
tional suffering has been obviated by the timely assistance they 
have given. 

"That God may mercifully grant to the donors and adminis- 
trators His choicest gifts and blessings is the constant prayer 
of all here. 

"JOHN FLANNERY, P.P., 

"Aghagower, Westport." 



"My people are nearly all small farmers, and used to hardship, 
and so when their houses were burned to ashes they were able to 
adapt themselves to their altered circumstances more easily than 



IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 63 

others. They turned the barns into dwelling houses, or adopted 
some similar contrivance, and waited in patience for the day that 
would witness the liberation of the country from the incendiaries. 
Realising the more pressing needs of others on the funds of the 
White Cross, the only claim they made for themselves was for 
such assistance as would replace the necessary household utensils 
that were burned or destroyed. This was immediately forth- 
coming, and helped immensely in alleviating their sufferings. 

"There were four houses 'burned to the ground in this small 
parish and one wrecked. There were also several cases of unmen- 
tionable and brutal cruelty, and torture of flogging, stripping people 
naked, placing them under stones on cold nights, etc. 

"With grateful thanks to the White Cross. 

"M. FAHY, P.P., 

"Kinvara, Co. Galway." 



"I have delayed up to the present that I might be able to 
acknowledge the last generous subscription, £50 (a few days 
ago), of your American Committee for Relief in Ireland, towards 
the support of those dependent on their bread-winners 'interned' 
on account of their political principles. The very generous sum 
given our Committee for the support and relief of those dependent 
sufferers amounts to £437 5s. Od. Only those acquainted with the 
circumstances can have any idea of the comfort and happiness 
youP princely donations from month to month brought to those 
desolate, starving wives and children. 

"May God bless and reward you, and all your noble assistants, 
in averting a calamity, such as my words could not express, from 
the poor virtuous, helpless dependents of the noble, brave, and 
patriotic internees of this Parish of Ardara, Co. Donegal. 

"JOHN CANON O'DOHERTY, P.P., 

"Ardara, Co. Donegal." 



"I am pleased to have the opportunity of testifying to the 
activities of the American Committee for Relief in Ireland during 
the recent troubled times. Our local Committee have received 
every consideration, and were enabled thereby to distribute consid- 
erable sums of money among the victims of burnings by Crown 
forces in this villasre. 



64 IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 

"VVe arc all very grateful to our friends in the United States 
for the help given, and without which our people would have 
suffered most severely. 

"T. DUNNE, P.P., 
"Cappawhite, Co. Tipperary." 



"I beg to express my appreciation and gratitude for what the 
American White Cross has done for the Irish people during the 
recent war Avith England. I believe it was that aid, as well as the 
moral support expressed by it, that put heart and courage into the 
Irish people to bear and suffer and struggle as they have done. I 
have seen the beneficial effects of the working of the White Cross 
in my own parish, where two houses had been burned after an 
ambush. The owners were of the poorest in a rather poor parish, 
and they possessed no resources whatever to rebuild and refurnish 
their houses. The White Cross Society came to their assistance 
immediately, and gave them £25 each for immediate necessities, 
and £150 each for rebuilding and refurnishing their houses. That 
amount, together with some other assistance, put the houses in as 
good condition as formerly. The workers of the American White 
Cross and the American people themselves, especially the Irish- 
Americans, deserve all praise and gratitude for their humanity and 
generosity, from the Irish people and from all humane peoples, 
and I have full confidence that God will reward them abundantly. 

"T. DUNNE, P.P., 

"Kilnadeema, Loughrea." 



"I can hardly find a suitable term to apply to the work of the 
American Committee. It was splendid, magnificent, the biggest 
manifestation of the Christian spirit of brotherhood ever seen in 
our country. 

"What would be the position of our people to-day Ijut for the 
work of the White Cross. 

"If the American Committee had not come to our assistance, 
it is my personal opinion that, though we might not have been 
beaten, we would not have won. For the v»^ork of the Committee 
heartened and strengthened our people and dismayed our enemies. 
There was no advantage to be gained by burning a house or a 



IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 65 

farmyard if the White Cross, as they then imagined, was going to 
built it np again. This and the fear of reprisals stayed their hands. 

"The actual damage done by the Crown forces does not at all 
represent the loss to the country. For farmers, whose houses and 
lands lay along the public roads, could not attend to their spring 
work. It was not safe for any man to be seen from the public road 
when the Crown lorries passed. 

"In conclusion, I have again to express my high appreciation 
of the work of the American Committee and of the White Cross 
Organisation. 

"The miost trying months for country people — April, May and 
June — are yet before us, and I trust you will be enabled to carry us 
through. 

• "M. J. CON ROY, P.P., 

"Kilmena, Westport." 



'T would ask you to convey our deep and sincere gratitude to 
all those of your people in the United States who have so nobly 
responded to our appeal with the open purse and generous hand, 
that are hall-marks of a true American always and everywhere. 
The cause of charity never appealed in vain to the people of Amer- 
ica, but they have been, I believe, especially responsive to the 
women and children of a race who have never spared themselves 
in the defence and upbuilding of your great Commonwealth. 

"The generous donors Vv'ill, I believe, be pleased to be assured 
by me, as Chairman of our local Committee, that every penny of 
the White Cross money that came to Castleisland was expended 
solely on the victims of the war. 

"I enclose a brief summary of the losses and damage inflicted 
by the Crown forces on property owners in this parish. It is not 
full or comprehensive, and does not include those who lost their 
lives in the struggle; but it will give your people some idea of the 
suffering entailed, the poverty and attendant distress, why so many 
are sick and shelterless, and made helpless by the cruelty of war. 
May we not, then, express a hope that the White Cross may be 
enabled to continue its beneficence during this period of transition 



66 IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 

to help to heal the wounds and repair the ravages that this cruel 
war has inflicted. 

"J. ARCHDEACON CASEY, P.P., V.G. 

"Castleisland, Co. Kerry." 



"I find it hard to express fully my appreciation of the work 
done by the American White Cross for my people here in Alallow. 
By the awful outrage on the night of 28th September, 1920, not 
only were nine houses in the main street entirely burned by Eng- 
lish soldiers of the regular army, but in addition the Town Hall, 
and, worst of all, the Condensed Milk Factory, by which a great 
number, mostly girls, were thrown out of employment. The funds we 
could raise for them were almost exhausted when the White Cross 
came to our assistance last June, and since then we have received 
on an average £120 a week. Of this large amount not one penny 
was expended except on : — 

"(a) Those burned out of the factory; and 
"(b) Dependents of our boys who were fighting or interned 
in the various prison camps. 

"What we in Mallow could have done without the assistance 
received from the White Cross I do not know. 

"(Signed) 

"C. W. CORBETT, P.P. V.F., 

"Mallow." 

"The noble generosity of the American public, and their 
promptness to succour a stricken people, as well as the splendid 
work done here in Ireland by you and your highly capable staff, 
deserve and richly deserve recognition, and this, too, in a permanent 
form, 

"Thanking you most gratefully on behalf of the Dingle Com- 
mittee, and wishing you every blessing. 

"J. P. McDonnell, p.p., 

"Dingle, Co. Kerry." 



"On behalf of the people and priests of Abbeydorney, I have 
been asked to convey to you and the other members of the Ameri- 
can Relief Committee our deep feelings of gratitude for the gen- 
erous assistance you have given in the time of our great suffering. 



IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 67 

"Thanks to the generous assistance of the American Relief 
Committee, these people have been enabled to build] new homes, 
or, where they were not utterly destroyed, to repair their old 
homes. Were it not for the, aid of the White Cross Committee 
ten families would have remained homeless, as they were without 
the means of rebuilding their ruined homes. 

"In addition, grants were made by the White Cross to provide 
implements whereby sufferers were enabled to work at their ordi- 
nary avocations. 

"Were it not for that extraordinary generosity that has always 
been a characteristic of the American people, the victims of the 
savage forces let loose on this district would have been in a very 
bad way indeed. But thanks to the White Cross, the material 
injuries they suffered are being repaired, and they look forward 
with confidence to a happy future. 

"JAMES J. O'SULLIVAN, P.P., 

"Abbeydorney, Co. Kerry." 



"The Committee are very grateful to you, and all officials of 
the White Cross Society, for the kindly and sympathetic way in 
which you received any suggestion made by them, and for the 
splendid work you have done here and in other parts of the coun- 
'try, in relieving effectually all cases of hardship within the scope 
of your Society. 

"DAVID O'LEARY, P.P., V.F., 

"Tralee, Co. Kerry." 



"On behalf of the Kilcar Committee of the Irish White Cross, 
I would ask you to convey to the American Committee for Relief 
in Ireland my sincere thanks for the timely assistance rendered to 
several families in my parish who suffered severely through the 
recent political turmoil in Ireland. 

"Generous help was given in three cases of special urgency, 
where the bread-winner of the family was interned or in gaol, 
and the help in each case was much appreciated. 

"J. J. O'DONNELL, P.P., 

"Kilcar, Co. Donegal." 



68 IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 

"During the recent political disturbances in this district there 
were many cases of shooting, burnings, looting of houses, many 
imprisoned, while a great number were compelled to go 'on the 
run.' As a consequence there was much distress and suffering. 

"To relieve this distress a branch of the White Cross was 
established last June, and a committee formed, and, I have pleasure 
in stating, with the happiest results. 

"For instance, a large garage, run by two brothers, containing 
six motor cars, run for hire, was burned by the officers of the 
British Government, and, consequently, these two men lost their 
only means of support, and a number of chauffeurs employed by 
them were throv/n out of employment. This case came before the 
White Cross Committee. One of these brothers, having a large, 
helpless family, was allowed £5 a week; the chauffeurs thrown 
out of work received £2 per week. Finally, these brothers got 
an advance of £500, to enable them to rebuild their garage in a 
small way, and to get three motor cars, so that most of their 
chauffeurs are again employed, and very much suffering relieved. 

"Four families whose sons were imprisoned received about 
£250. 

"Fourteen railway men, losing their employment owing to the 
suspension of the trains for fourteen weeks, also received some 
£100 from this charitable fund. 

"I take this opportunity on behalf of those relieved, and on 
my own behalf, to thank the subscribers and officials of the White 
Cross Fund. Their work was a most charitable work, and they 
deserve the prayers and gratitude of the Irish people. 
"JAMES NOLAN, P.P., 
"Chairman, White Cross Committee, Killorglin, Co. Kerry." 



"Speaking for this parish, I have to sa}'' that the relief dis- 
tributed to several victims of the National disturbance, now happily 
ended, was a God-send, for which we cordially thank the American 
Committee of the White Cross under 3'our kind direction. 

"T. TWOMEY, P.P., 

"Ballyvourney, Co. Cork." 



"Speaking for myself and for my parishioners, especially those 
of them who have received substantial and much needed assistance 



IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 69. 

from the White Cross, I wish to express to the American Committee 
for Relief in Ireland, and to all our kind and sympathetic friends 
in the States who so generously gave their contributions, our most 
heartfelt gratitude for so nobly coming to the relief of our unhappy 
people in their hour of bitter sorrow and suffering. 

"In words I cannot fully express the incalculable good done 
in this parish through the White Cross, nor the warm feelings of 
thankfulness in our hearts. 

"D. M. O'FLYNN, P.P., 

"Crosshaven, Cork." 



"I desire to express my appreciation of the excellent work 
done by the American Committee for Relief in Ireland, and to 
convey to you my thanks for the help received by three families 
here in this district. Two young men, who were the main support 
of their families, were in prison since October, 1920, and about the 
same time a third young man had to go 'on the run.' These three 
families received considerable sums from the White Cross, which 
they appreciated very much, and which enabled them to tide over 
their distress. 

"B. MAGUIRE, P.P., 

"Tempo, Co. Fermanagh." 



"1 feel it is incumbent on me as Chairman of the local Com- 
mittee of the White Cross to express to you the profound gratitude 
we all feel here to the great American people for their generous 
support of our afflicted nation during the past terrible years. 

"In this town some eight families, whose bread-winners were 
torn from their homes and imprisoned for many weary months 
without trial or accusation, received from the White Cross regular 
and adequate relief, Vv'ithout which they must necessarily have 
been reduced to the very verge of starvation, I beg of you to 
convey to the American Committee the expression of their profound 
gratitude for this most timely and most generous assistance. 
"(REV.) JAMES J. McNAMARA, Adm., 

"Monaghan." 



"Taking the country on the whole, it would be impossible to 
overrate the amount of good that has been done by the munificence 



70 IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 

of the American people towards the relief of distress in Ireland. 
This is admitted on all hands, by every rank and every class of 
people. One hears nothing but the loudest praise, of the wonderful 
generosity of the American people, and of the judicious way in 
which their help was distributed. The everlasting gratitude of the 
Irish is due to those who subscribed and to those who administered 
the subscriptions. 

"EDMUND MORTON, P.P., 
"Ballyhea, Co. Cork." 



"I beg to say that all the people here are in grateful remen: 
brance of what the American Committee of the Irish White Cross 
has done for the help of those who have suffered ion their country. 
I know that families here belonging to the political prisoners were 
well looked after. 

"You may be sure that our parishioners are in grateful appre- 
ciation of all that has been done for us and our country by the 
kindness of the American people. 

"JOHN A. NOLAN. P.P., 

"Swords, Co. Dublin." 



"A Branch of the Irish White Cross was an essential in Meelin, 
Co. Cork, in the spring, 1921. An ambush of\ the British forces 
took place there on 4th January, 1921. Following the ambush the 
British authorities carried out official reprisals by destroying with 
explosives six houses in the locality. The inhabitants were left des- 
titute, their clothes, their furniture, in fact everj^thing they valued, 
was destroyed. It was at this stage the Irish White Cross Commit- 
tee was established, with the Rev. John Roche, C.C., acting as Chair- 
man and Corresponding Secretary. Every honest claim that was 
made, both to Dublin and to the Branch in Cork, was immediately 
attended to, and the Committee, during 1921, were able to distrib- 
ute amongst the sufferers of the British reprisals about £140. 

"(REV.) JOHN ROCHE, C.C, 

"Meelin." 



"Thanks to the White Cross Society; only for it we could 
never have managed to eke out an existence. I have received from 
it up to the time of writing £49, not counting the loan granted to 



IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 71 

rebuild the house. I have been granted a loan of £300, £200 of 
which I have got, which will help to re-establish my home. If it 
were not for the White Cross I would have been sadly in need, as 
with its assistance I was able to provide myself with a temporary 
home, in which I tried, especially since the Truce, to tend my cattle 
and carry on my duties on my little farm, but without any profit. 

"When I kneel down at night I thank God for all my suffer- 
ings, a little of which I have related, and I heartily pray God to 
bless and spare my friends in Ireland and America and the world 
over, who have so willingly contributed to lessen our sufferings. 

"In September, 1921, a Committee was formed in the parish to 
secure those who were rendered homeless or destitute some of the 
money which was subscribed for the relief, and from this fund I 
received the sums of £25, £5 and £6 5s., making in all £36 5s., 
which, of course, was a great relief to me. 

"I was also granted a loan of £200 to rebuild my house, at 
which I am at present engaged. I expect to resume my work again. 
I am sorry I have not a photograph of the ruins of my little house 
to send you, as it would give the people whom you represent an 
idea of the warfare in Ireland, and would also go to show that 
the fund which they so quickly contributed to is being used for a 
good purpose. This is a 'plain, unvarnished tale' of my case, and 
I hope you will be able to gather from it the information you require. 
In conclusion, let me thank you for the noble and humanitarian 
work you and your countrymen have done on behalf of the long- 
suffering Irish people, and considering myself for ever your 
debtor. 



"Will you please convey to the Committee of the Irish White 
Cross Association my sincere thanks for their generosity in lending 
me the sum of £1,000, to assist in re-instating portion of my 
property in Belfast, which was wrecked and destroyed on the 
occasion of the attack on the Catholic residents of Falls district in 
the month of July last. 

"My houses are situated immediately on the border line sep- 
arating the Protestant district of Shankill Road from the Catholic 
district of Falls. All the inhabitants of these houses were Catholics 
of the artisan class — the big majority of whom were unable to 
obtain employment in Belfast on account of their religious beliefs 



72 IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 

— and who were for the most part dependent for their support 
on the charity of their more fortunate neighbours. 

"Compared with the sufferings and losses of my tenants, who 
were already in poor circumstances, my losses, being purely mone- 
tary, must of necessity appear trivial, but as a result of the attack 
damage to the extent of £12,000, as estimated by my Architect, 
has been done to my property — 13 of my houses being razed to the 
ground, whilst 22 were so badly damaged as to make them unfit 
for habitation. I have lodged a claim for compensation v.'ith the 
Belfast Corporation, but it is not yet heard, and even when it is 
disposed of, the compensation, I am informed, will only be payable 
in five yearly instalments, the consequence being that, owing to the 
intolerance of the Protestant majority in this city, I am deprived 
of my principal source of income, and, in addition, have to discharge 
the ground rents payable in respect of the property. 

"Tlianks, however, to the loan of £1,000 received from the 
White Cross Association, and with the addition of some money 
of my own, I have been enabled to restore a number of the houses, 
rmd make them habitable again, by some of the people who 
formerly lived in them." 



"When the White Cross was established I sent on my appli- 
cation to Dublin for a loan to rebuild my house. 

"Having carried out the necessary formalities, the White Cross 
Committee granted me a loan of £300, and immediately forwarded 
the first instalment of £100, and on the 2nd of this month sent mc 
on a further cheque for £100, their engineer in the meantime hav- 
ing inspected the part of the house I had built. When completed 
I except the balance of £100 of the loan outstanding. 

"I am deeply indebted to the White Cross Reconstruction Com- 
mittee for the promptitude with which they dealt with my claim 
for a loan. Only for their timely succour I would still be home- 
less. I beg to tender to them my warmest gratitude, and earnestly 
request them to convey to the kind, warm-hearted and generous 
people of liberty-loving America my heartfelt thanks for their 
generous subscriptions." 



"All my savings, including money, were stolen the evening 
my house was burned. I\Ty son, who was my only help, was 'on 



IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 73 

the run,' so that I had nothing to exist on. Were it not for the very- 
prompt action of the White Cross I had not even a bed to lie on. 
We were compelled to lie on a damp floor. 

"I received £35 by way of assistance from the White Cross 
prior to. the loan. 

"The amount of the loan granted was £200. I have partially 
rebuilt the old home, and am as comfortable as circumstances would 
permit. We are carrying on, tilling crops as usual. 

"I regret I have no photograph of my house. 

"Before I conclude I would respectfully ask you to convey to 
the American people the heartfelt gratitude of an Irish mother and 
(widow). Your people have been more than friends to us, and 
God will reward them for their kindness." 

"God bless the American people." 

"I was idle all the time until the Truce. My Parish Priest, 
through the White Cross, gave me a little help from time to time 
to support myself and my family, and then, to repair my forge, the 
amount of £33. I am still lodging with another family. I got £ 100 
from the Irish White Cross also to do up my house, which is nearly 
])uilt now. Only for the M^hite Cross we should have been unable 
to start our new house 3"et. We pray night and day for kind Ameri- 
can people, who have always come to the aid of the suffering Irish 
people." 



"I was doing a very good business, educating my children, and 
living comfortably out of the profits, and I am now one year and 
three months out of business, and would not be able to start re- 
build my house only for the loan I got from your Committee. I 
beg again to thank the Irish White Cross for the help they have 
given me, viz., a free grant of £25 in the middle of October, 1921, 
and a loan, to help me rebuild my premises, of £500." 



"I wish to join with others in thanking most heartily the con- 
tributors, supporters, and Committee of the Irish White Cross on 
the cordial and honest manner in which they distributed and dis- 
charged the great duty imposed on them in relieving the distress 
which the people were enduring, in assisting financially and other- 
wise those who were persecuted and afiflicted by the Crown forces." 



74 IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 

APPENDIX A. 

Appeals for Funds issued by the Irish White Cross andl by the 
American Committee for Relief in Ireland. 



APPEAL OF THE IRISH WHITE CROSS. 



The Irish White Cross has been founded in the belief that there 
is work to be done in Ireland for the relief of hardship and suffer- 
ing, and the reconstruction of industry, which must appeal to the 
patriotism, of the Irish people as well as to the common humanity 
of all well-wishers of the country throughout the world. In a time 
of political disturbance and violence it is still possible for men and 
women to forget their differences, religious and political alike, and 
to bend all their energies to a constructive effort for the preserva- 
tion of their country. The appeal which we make to-d'ay is made 
not in the name of any section of a people, but in the name of hu- 
manity; no political distinctions exist in suffering, and none must 
exist in its relief. The men and women who constitute the Irish 
White Cross think differently on many things; they are united by 
the bond of common charity. 

The first appeal must be made to the people of our own coun- 
try, for they can maintain their courage and confidence in this hour 
of distress only by showing their determination to build up what- 
ever is destroyed, and to replace every damage which is done to the 
industry and agriculture of Ireland. If we allow our spirit to be 
conquered by hardship, the future of our country will be dark, 
indeed. It has ever been the pride of the people of this nation to go 
forward through all trials and oppression with undaunted cheerful- 
ness, and we should not to-day be found wanting. 

But to our friends overseas we must also appeal, for the need 
is immediate and great beyond our resources. Cities have been 
burned, factories and shops wrecked and plundered, farms and farm- 
buildings, with their stores of crops, destroyed. By these causes, 
and by the death or imprisonment, often without charge or trial, 
of the breadwinners of thousands of families, women and children^ 
have been brought to the verge of starvation. Unemployment is 
widespread, trade and commerce have been seriously injured, and 
the basic industries of the country, such as dairying, are threatened. 



IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 75 

P'or the repair of all this damage we appeal to those in all countries 
whose capacity to feel pity is not yet deadened. Already in Amer- 
ica the appeal has met with an eager answer, and large sums of 
money and enthusiastic workers are coming forward to repeat in 
Ireland the great work lately done in Belgium and in Central 
Europe. 

The Irish White Cross believes that the names of those who 
have associated themselves with it will justify and give confidence 
in the appeal for funds among all well-wishers in whatever country. 
Its policy will be, while recognizing the need for immediate mone- 
tary aid to those in want, to give that aid mainly through recon- 
struction, so that those who have lost their means of livelihood 
shall not also lose their self-respect by becoming pensioners on the 
charity of others. In pursuance of this policy, the General Council 
has authorized the Standing Executive Committee to expend or lend 
funds for any of the following purposes : — 

1. The relief of distress and hardship in the case of indi- 
viduals or groups of persons deprived of the means of liveli- 
hood. 

2. The restoration or repair of buildings, and the replace- 
ment or repair of furniture, fittings, machinery, implements, 
or personal effects. 

3. The purchase or provision of stock-in-trade or raw 
materials to replace stocks or materials removed or destroyed. 

4. The provision of employment by the organization of 
works or otherwise. 

Parish Committees will be organised throughout Ireland, and 
District Committees where necessary. The local bodies will col- 
lect money and remit it to the Executive, and they will advise on 
local needs and assist in the distribution of grants. It is intended 
that the work shall be of a truly national character, and shall sup- 
plement and co-ordinate, while in no way destroying, all work of the 
same character which is now being done by local or sectional or- 
ganizations. To relieve acute distress and repair the material dam- 
age in Cork, Belfast, Lisburn, Tipperary, and Clare, to mention only 
a few examples, millions of pounds would be needed. Charity and 
patriotism alike require that we should without delay combine our 



76 IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 

energies and rcsonrces, so that the burden which now presses 
grievously on some of our people may be so borne as to exalt us all. 
Laurence O'Neill, 

Chairman. 
L. Smitii-Gordon, 

Chairman of Standing Executive Committee. 
James G. Douglas, 

Honorary Treasurer. 
James McNeill, 

Honorary Secretary. 
Mansion House, Dublin, 

26th February, 1921. 



APPEAL OF A. C. R. I. TO THE AMERICAN PUBLIC. 



In Ireland to-day thousands of women and children have been 
driven to the pitiful refuge of the fields and open country. Bal- 
briggan, Granard, Tralee, Templemore, Trim, Tobercurry, Lisburn, 
Thurles, Mallow, and numerous other towns and villages have been 
burned and are partly or wholly in ruins. In Cork alone acres of 
business buildings and homes have been wiped out by fire. 

Over forty creameries, the co-operative plants of great and 
small communities, built by Irish farmers, have been razed to the 
ground, and the economic units they served have been paralyzed. 

Thousands of workers have been thrown out of employment 
by the burning of factories and creameries, and in consequence of 
the generally disturbed conditions in Belfast alone, thirty thousand 
persons, shipyard workers and their families, are on the verge of 
starvation. 

The transportation system has broken down, so that it is 
difficult to distribute even such supplies as are available in Ireland. 

To meet this appalling situation, and to cope with it before it 
reaches a point where it may menace the very existence of the Irish 
people, the American Committee for Relief in Ireland has been 
formed. This Committee is a non-political and non-sectarian body, 
solely humanitarian in aim, which seeks the co-operation of all those 
in whom human suffering evokes sympathy. This American Com- 
mittee purposes to supply relief to the women and children in 



IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 77 

Ireland, without regard to political or religious distinctions, through 
trained relief workers, distributing foodstuffs, clothing, building ma- 
terials, and medical stores. 

The suffering and the helpless in Ireland seek aid from the 
American people, who have never yet refused an appeal from the 
suffering and helpless. To relieve the bitter need of the Irish people, 
we confidently appeal for aid to the humanity of America. 

There is little to add to the above, save to point out that Ireland 
is virtually the only place in the world where the destruction of 
resources has been continuous. To-day industry is paralyzed in 
Ireland, and the greater part of the able-bodied male population is 
leading a hunted and fugitive existence. If present conditions con- 
tinue unrelieved, the Irish race in Ireland faces virtual annihilation. 
We are confident that Americans- of every class and creed will re- 
spond promptly to avert the terrible fate menacing a people to whom 
they are so closely bound by ties of kinship and of common heritage. 



APPENDIX B. 

Report to the American Committee for Relief in Ireland by the 
Delegates who visited the Country in the Spring of 1921. 



Your delegation to Ireland respectfully reports that its mem- 
bers arrived in Ireland on February 12th, and, with the exception of 
Mr. France, had left Ireland by March 31st. During these forty- 
nine days members of your delegation conducted an investigation 
into economic distress in Ireland, which, they respectfully submit, 
has not been equalled in scope by any other investigative body, 
either Irish, British, American, or of any other nationality. 

The members of your delegation themselves visited nearly one 
hundred communities in Ireland in which acute distress exists. 
They collected reports as to many other communities from respon- 
sible persons of all shades of political opinion, and also had the co- 
operation of responsible members of the English Society of Friends, 
who visited the devastated communities of Ireland, and were simi- 
larly moved by the distress which they found there existing. 

The members of the delegation visited no less than ninety-five 
cities, towns, villages, and creameries, in which destruction of build- 
ings or property by the military or police forces of the British 
Crown has occurred. 



78 IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 

Tlic places visited range in geographic location from Gorta- 
hork, on the extreme north-western coast of Ireland, to Timoleague. 
on the extreme southern coast; from Dublin, in the east, to Clifden 
and Aran Islands, in the west. They are located in twenty-two of 
the thirty-two counties of Ireland. 

In the ninety-five places visited there occurred 90 per cent, of 
the material damage to property owned by the civil population, 
which has been recorded during the twelve months ending March 
31st, 1921. 

Your delegation viewed this damage personally, and personally 
collected on the spot evidence as to the value of the property de- 
stroyed. In addition, written statements from reliable sources were 
supplied to your delegation regarding material damage in the small 
number of afflicted communities which they were unable to visit. 

Summarizing this data in regard to material damage and per- 
sonal distress, your delegation reports that the material damage to 
Irish shop-buildings, factories, creameries, and private dwelling- 
houses, inflicted by the British forces during the past twelve 
months, amounts approximately to $20,000,0(X) ; that without reduc- 
tions in the cost of labour and materials the cost of replacing the 
buildings will be/ approximately $25,000,000. 

The number of buildings which have been damaged or par- 
tially or wholly destroyed within the past twelve months, and which 
we have viewed, is upwards of 600. Irish Republican statistics place 
the number of property units destroyed at upwards of 2,000. but 
this includes not only buildings, but individual shops in buildings, 
their contents, isolated farm buildings, hayricks, etc. 

Homes Destroyed. 

The destruction of buildings in 150 towns in so small a country 
as Ireland is relatively as serious as the destruction of buildings in 
5,000 towns and villages would be in sd' large a country as the 
United States. 

Our own general estimate of $20,000,000 (£5,000,000) damage 
throughout Ireland, arrived at from our investigations on the 
ground, coincides substantially with the total figures collected by 
Irish Republican statisticians, and, it should be noted, is less by 
$8,000,000 than the estimate given us by a responsible Crown offi- 
cial, who is informed in regard to the data in the possession of 
the Crown estimate at £7,000,000. 



IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 79 

The distress which we ourselves witnessed in the ninety-five 
communities which we visited, and which is scatterd throughout 
Ireland, is, we here emphasise, a distress quite separate and dis- 
tinct from that distress in Ireland which arises from unemployment 
due to a general trade depression, such as may be observed in 
countries throughout the world; it is separate and distinct from 
the distress arising from long-continued poverty, such as may be 
observed in the slums of New York or Chicago or London; it is 
wholly separate and distinct from the economic distress of Irish 
women and children whose male relatives may be engaged in active 
armed opposition to the British military forces operating in Ireland, 
and whose male relatives, thus being unable to engage in their 
ordinary industrial avocations, leave their families in want. 

The distress we are here dealing with is that of habitually 
thrifty and industrious workers, who would be able to continue 
their occupations and to support their families were it not for the 
abnormal situation now existing in Ireland ; men and women who 
are emphatically neither the so-called "professional beggars," who 
are common to all countries, nor the workers whom the trade stag- 
nation, which has been prevalent throughout the world, has tempo- 
rarily thrown out of employment; they are an industrious section 
of the community, never previously in need of help from anyone, 
and who would not accept it now if the alternative which faced 
them were not the starvation of their families ; men and women 
who have quietly gone about their peaceful pursuits all their lives, 
and who have steadfastly refrained from taking any part in armed 
activities. It is for such persons, now thrown out of work, that we 
confidently invoke the sympathy and practical help of every Ameri- 
can, solely on the ground of that fundamental mercy and humanity 
which transcends all else. 

100,000 in Need. 

We found that there are some 25,000 families, numbering ap- 
proximately 100,000 men, women and children, who are in pitiful 
need of instant help from the American people. 

We may point out that even when employed the workman in 
Ireland' receives a wage so low that it would be difficult for an 
American to understand how the Irish workman can support him- 
self and his family upon such a wage. Now, through no fault of 



80 IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 

their own, the families to which we refer are without even this piti- 
fully small income. In most cases their pathetic savings have 
already been spent for the barest necessaries of existence. They 
need bread, and they need it quickly. 

The present prevailing wage for ordinary unskilled labour in 
Ireland ranges from $9 to $14 a week; even those who are working 
at electric power houses, for example, receive only $14; motormen 
receive $12.50; conductors, $11.50; farm labourers rarely more 
than $8. 

To-day the 25,000 families to which we refer have not even 
this scanty income. They do not receive the unemployment allow- 
ance, which was limited to eight weeks. What will it cost to feed 
them? A wages commission was recently appointed in Cork City 
to determine the minimum on which a man and( family could exist 
in reasonable respectability. A report fixing the minimum living 
wage at $14 was returned. 

The families which we found to be justly within the province 
of your Committee's helpfulness are now cut off from earning 
this $14 a week, or any sum whatever. They can manage to keep 
alive on a diet which would seem a starvation diet to the poorest 
American family — a diet chiefly consisting of no more than bread 
and tea at every meal, with a bowl of soup two or three times a 
week as a luxury — and-lhis meagre diet, the rental of bare lodgings, 
and an almost infinitesimal supply of fuel for heat and cooking, 
can_be obtained for $7 a week. This will keep life in a family of 
five — father, mother, and three children — and this is the minimum 
amount which will be necessary for each family. 

When we state that there are 25,000 families now in need of 
help in Ireland, we are quite aware that the ordinary traveller 
through Ireland, going only by train, and visiting not more than 
two or three communities, would be unaware that any such degree 
of distress exists. From his train window he would see only a 
green and fertile countryside, of immense agricultural wealth, and 
fully capable of supporting its population. In the towns he might 
visit he would see, in his casual walks through their business streets, 
little that would lead him to believe that acute distress exists. 

But if he looked beneath the surface, if he went from house to 
house, outside the beaten paths of travel, eliminating all the dis- 
tress from unemployment resulting from trade depression, and all 



IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 81 

the distress of the habitual mendicant class, he would still find, 
in every little village that he entered, two, three, or a half-dozen 
families which had never before been in want, and which, but for 
the fact that thy had at last come face to face with starvation, would 
never let their need be guessed. 

Let him go, as we did, from town to town, adding up such 
cases as these, one by one, until he had gone the length and breadth 
of Ireland; let him visit the towns where shops and factories have 
been destroyed, and add up the numbers of thosej kept out of em- 
ployment by the crippling of those industries ; let him take note 
of the hundreds of families brought to continued distress by the 
destruction of the business centre of Cork, and the thousands of 
families in Belfast whose wage-earners have been able to earn 
nothing since they were driven from the shipyards of Belfast seven 
months ago; and when he has looked at the total he himself has set 
down, he will wonder that his casua! thought was that there is 
little distress. 

They Face Starvation. 

One hundred thousand men, women and children! Less than 
three per* cent, of the total population of Ireland, it is true; but if 
3,000,000 Americans were faced with actual starvation to-day, who 
had never know distress until to-day, who would say that there was 
not a most pitiful situation in America? 

From the crippling of the co-operative creameries in Ireland, 
15,000 farmers, who supplied these creameries with milk for butter 
and cheese-making, are suffering severe loss, and are faced with 
even more deeply serious distress in the immediate future. Their 
situation is not due to general business depression. It has been 
brought about by conditions wholly outside their control, and not 
related in any way to market stagnation, which, in fact, does not 
exist. Upon these 15,000 farmers depend 45,000 women and 
children. 

Creameries Destroyed. 

■Our investigation into the destruction of creameries in Ireland, 
the reasons for this destruction, the economic importance of the co- 
operative dairy business in Ireland, and the cost of restoring the 
damaged creameries to their normal state, was conducted by Mr. 
Oren B. Wilbur, a dairy farmer of widq experience and mature 
judgment, and Mr. William B. Price, an architect. Mr. Wilbur and 



82 IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 

Mr. Price were at all times in close consultation with the officials 
of the Irish Agricultural Organisation Society, Plunkett House, 
Dublin, the organisation of which Sir Horace Plunkett is the head, 
and which was built up by the co-operative movement in Ireland 
during the past 27 years. It is purely an industrial organisation, 
and one which has sedulously kept itself free from political inter- 
ests of any sort throughout its existence. On the major portion 
of their tour of investigation, covering hundreds of miles, Mr. Wil- 
bur and Mr. Price were accompanied by Mr. Fant, the chief travel- 
ling representative of Plunkett House in the organisation and op- 
eration of creameries. 

During the past year, ending on April 9, 1921, more than 50 
attacks by Crown forces were made on co-operative creameries, 
resulting in their partial or total destruction. Mr. Wilbur and Mr. 
Price personally visited 29 of these creameries, including all those 
where the most heavy damage was inflicted, and directly collected 
reports regarding 26 others. They estimate that the amount neces- 
sary to restore these 55 creameries to operation is £114,279, but 
state that in arriving at this figure they adopted drastically reduced 
estimates, and give it as their opinion that the total sum needed to 
rehabilitate the creameries completely amounts to £250,0CX). 

The summary : Men, Women 

Children 

On dairy farms 60,000 

In Belfast 23,000 

In Cork 8,000 

In 150 smaller communities throughout 

Ireland 3,000 



94,000 



The minimum needed is $450,000 a month. 

Material Damage. 

There are to-day upwards of 1,000 co-operative agricultural 
societies in Ireland, with a membership of 140,000 farmers. Their 
trade in butter, cheese, and other agricultural products amounted 
during the year 1919 to £11,158,583, making the average annual 
turn-over for each society £10,886. The 55 damaged creameries 



IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 83 

included many whose annual turn-over was far above this average, 
the total number of farmers supplying these creameries with milk 
being approximately 15,000, and their aggregate annual turn-over 
being approximately £1,000,000. 

At the annual meeting of the Irish Agricultural Organisation 
Society in Dublin on March 22nd last, at which Mr. France was 
present, the annual report was submitted. In regard to the destruc- 
tion of creameries the report said : — 

"The material damage resulting from over fifty attacks on 
creameries — over sixty, if fourteen raids on one society were to be 
separately included — cannot yet be exactly stated, but will, it is 
estimated, exceed £200,000. If consequential damage is taken into 
account, as in some cases the County Court Judges who had tried 
them agreed to be equitable, th^ financial loss was incalculable. 
It may run to £1,000,000." 

In the supplementary report drawn up by Mr. Wilbur, at the 
conclusion of the exhaustive investigation made by Mr. Price and 
himself, Mr. Wilbur says : — 

"I wish to express my conviction that the creameries and their 
auxiliaries are the most important of all the immediate relief needs 
which the American people can help, and I wish to strongly urge 
upon the Committee the consideration of their claims. The whole 
butter and cheese-making industry will be hard hit if these cream- 
eries are not soon set running again ; and, further, the cattle-raising 
business will also be affected. Now, all the calves are raised on the 
skimmed milk from the creameries, instead of a part being 'vealed,* 
as they are in many parts of America. Then, when they are about 
two years old, they are sold to the graziers in the midlands, who 
fatten them on the rich grass lands of central Ireland, and then 
ship them tcf) England. If the lack of creameries results in the 
farmers being compelled to sell their cows, as it already has in some 
measure, it will mean that there will be less and less calves, and 
soon the graziers will find themselves short of feeding stock, and 
both the dairy and meat product of the kingdom will be seriously 
curtailed." 

An extract from the reports, supplementary to this report, 
which are offered by the individual members of the American So- 
ciety of Friends, who were members of your delegation to Ireland, 
reads : — 



84 IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 

The Need. 

"Is there a need? There seems to me to be a great need in 
Ireland, need resulting from three fundamental causes: — (1) The 
burning of their homes; (2) the destruction of industries upon 
which persons relied for their support; and (3)', the lack of em- 
ployment resulting from economic stagnation. The need from the 
burning of homes seems to me to be both great and pressing. We 
went through dozens of towns where there were homes and shops 
burnt; in most cases these people have made claims for damages, 
but, in the meantime, these claims have not been paid; in many 
cases their is little probability of their ever being paid. As an 
individual I am entirely convinced that many of these people were 
entirely innocent of any complicity in the acts for which they were 
punished by having their homes burnt." 



APPENDIX C. 



Letter from the Irish Delegation of Plenipotentiaries to the Repre- 
sentatives of the Americeini Committee for Relief in Ireland on 
the conclusion of their visit in the Autumn of 1921. 



The following letter was addressed by the Irish Delegation of 
Plenipotentiaries to Judge Campbell and Mr. J. J. Pulleyn on tBeir 
departure from London after visiting Ireland in connection with 
the work of the American Committee for Relief in Ireland: — 

"Irish Delegation of Plenipotentiaries, 
"Secretariat, 

"22 Hans Place, S.W., 

29th October, 1921. 
"To 

"Judge Campbell and Mr. J. J. Pulleyn, 

"On their departure to America, October 30th, 1921. 

"The Irish Delegates now engaged in negotiations for peace 
wish to express to you, and ask you to convey to the other mem- 



IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 85 

bers of the American Committee for Relief in Ireland, the profound 
gratitude which they, in common with their fellow-countrymen, feel 
toward the Committee, and all those in the United States who have 
contributed to its funds, for the generous assistance sent to Ireland 
for the relief of the suffering, loss and miseryl incurred/ by the Irish 
people in their struggle for national independence. 

"We also take the opportunity of expressing our appreciation 
of the able and devoted work done in Ireland on behalf of your 
Committee by Messrs. France and McCoy and those associated 
with them. 

"It is not only that the material aid you have organised has 
been of incalculable benefit, you and your friends have helped to 
sustain the spirit of our people, and to make them realise that your 
great nation stood beside them with encouragement, sympathy and 
hope in the terrible ordeal undergone in the efforts to save their 
national institutions and the very fabric of their national life from 
destruction. 

"Once more we thank you for all that your humane interven- 
tion has meant for our people, and heartily wish you God-speed. 

"Beir buaidh agus beannacht, 

"ARTHUR GRIFFITH. 
"MICHAEL COLLINS. 
"GEORGE GAVAN DUFFY. 
"R. C. BARTON. 
"EAMONN DUGGAN." 



86 IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 

APPENDIX D. 



IRISH WHITE CROSS SOCIETY. 

Geographical Distribution of Personal Relief to the 
31st August, 1922. 

Antrim — 

£ s. d. £ s. d. 

Antrim 51 10 

Belfast 362,356 16 1 

Derrymacash 285 

362,693 6 1 

Armagh — 

Armagh 1,916 

Forkhill 4 

1,920 

Carlow — 

Aries 65 

Bagenalstown 123 10 

Ballon 13 

Cariow 1,302 

Clonmore 357 15 

Hacketstown 169 

Rathvilly 92 5 

Tullow 254 

2,376 10 

Cavan — 

Arva 231 

Cavan 1,264 5 

Dromard 47 

Stradone 6 10 

Swanlinbar 100 

Tullycoo 7 

1,655 15 



Carried forward, £368,645 11 1 



IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 87 

£ s. d. 

Brought forward, 368,645 11 1 

Clare — £ s. d. 

Ballinacally 45 

Bodyke 70 

Clare Abbey and Killone 55 

Clare County, general 3,233 18 5 

Doolin 50 

Ennis 1,143 12 

Ennistymon 983 5 

Feakle 294 10 

Kilkeshan 320 

Killaloe 93 

Kilrush 30 

Lacken 15 

Lahinch 847 10 

Lissycasey 206 

Meelick 156 

Meelin 125 

Miltown-Malbay 947 4 

Rath 8 15 

Scariff 189 

Sixmilebridge 118 10 

Tulla 160 

9,091 4 5 

Cork — 

Ballyvourney 66 

Bantry 100 

Blarney 50 

*Cork District Committee 170,398 3 9 

Kilbehenny 18 

Kilmichael 25 

Kingwilliamstown 269 

Mallow 180 

Rosscarbery 20 

171,126 3 9 



Carried forward, £548,862 19 3 



Cork District Committee distributed this amount among the city and county branches. 



754 



88 IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 

£ s. d. £ s. d. 

Brought forward, 548,862 19 3 

Derry — 

Derry 754 

Donegal — 

Ardara 477 

Ballybofey 305 10 

Ballyshannon 324 15 

Bruckless 100 

Buncrana 269 

Bundoran 137 

Burtonport 241 

Carrick 80 

Cloughaneely 187 10 

Cresslough 60 10 

Donegal County, general 350' 

Dungloe 256 10 

Falcarragh 6 10 

Glencolumbkille 199 

Glenties 134 

Gweedore 78 

Inniskeel 71 

Inver 508 

Kilcar 88 

Killybegs 245 

Killygordon 216 10 

Kincasslagh 170 15 

Letterkenny 246 

Mount Charles 58 

Upper Rosses 22 10 

Down — 

Banbridge 4,090 11 

Bangor 85 

Castlewellan 75 

Down 735 

Dromore 156 10 



4,832 



Carried forward, £5,142 1 £554.448 19 3 



IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 89 

£ s. d. £ s. d. 

Brought forward, 5,142 1 554,448 19 3 
Down — (contd.) 

Hilltown 137 

Kilkeel 77 

Laurencetown 3,210 

Mourne Abbey 120 

Newry 3,827 4 

Warrenpoint 789 10 

13,302 15 

Dublin — 

Dublin 53,906 5 4 

Lusk 143 10 

Rush 161 

Skerries 460 10 

Swords 253 8 

Tallaght 66 

54,990 13 4 

Fermanagh — 

Belcoo 50 

Enniskillen 26 

Newtownbutler 155 

Tempo 85 

316 

Galway — 

Annaghdown 50 

Ardrahan 45 

Athenry 615 10 

Caherlistrane 160 

Carna • 70 

/ Cashel 181 

'; Castlegar 119 

Clarenbridge 24 

' Clifden 749 15 

Clonbur 68 



Carried forward, £2,082 5 £623,058 7 7 



90 



IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 



£ s. d. £ s. i1. 

Brought forward, £2,082 5 623,058 7 7 
Gal WAY — ( conid. ) 

Craughwell 197 

Dunmore 16 

Galway 1.880 15 

Galway County, general 1,118 

Glenamaddy 134 10 

Headford 265 

Innisbofiftn 300 

Kilbecanty 25 

Killeenadeema 94 

Kinvara 64 

Leenane 79 

Lettermore 95 

Lettermullen 100 

Loughrea 923 5 

Maam 100 

Mountbellew 16 

Moycullen 328 10 

Moylough 64 

Oranmore 511 

Portumna 25 

Recess 170 

Rossmuck 500 

Roundstone 210 

Shrule 140 

Spiddal 238 

Tuam 2,734 

Kerry — 

Abbeydorney 30 

Annascaul 105 

Ardfert 346 5 

Ballybunion 1,313 

Ballydavid 147 11 

Ballyferriter 467 

Ballyheigue 135 



12,410 5 



Carried forward, £2,543 16 £635,468 12 7 



IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 



91 



£ s. d. £ s. vi. 

Brought forward, 2,543 16 635,468 12 7 

Kerry — (contd.) 

Ballylongford 634 

BallymacelHgott 741 5 

Cahirciveen 155 

Camp 259 

Castlegregory 807 15 

Castleisland 1,116 

Castlemaine 413 

Causeway 80 

Dingle 1,709 2 

Duagh 28"9 10 

Fenit 138 

Firies 291 10 

Fossa 511 

Glenbeigh 472 10 

Glenflesk 1,222 15 

Kenmare 975 

Kerry County, general 653 15 

Kilgarvan 293 

Killarney 1,635 

Killeentierna 530 10 

Kilmorna 74 

Killorglin 742 15 

Killury 5U '5 

Knocknagoshel 90 

Listowel 2,102 

Lixnaw 680 

Milltown 335 

Newtownsandes 199 

Rathmore 743 12 

Tralee 3,901 5 

Tuosist 378 10 

Ventry 650 



Carried forward, 



- 25,878 15 
£661,347 7 7 



92 



IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 



2,765 9 



£ s. d. £ s. .1. 
Brought forward, 661,347 7 7 

KiLDARE — 

Allen 79 9 

Athy 125 15 

Bally more Eustace 230 

Carbury 100 

Clane 35 

Kilcock 177 5 

Kildare 540 5 

Kill 270 10 

Naas 275 5 

Newbridge 736 15 

Rathangan 34 5 

Suncroft 161 

Kilkenny — 

Graiguenamanagh 12 10 

Kilkenny 696 10 

Piltown 20 

King's County — 

Ballycumber 70 

Banagher 174 

Birr 365 10 

Cloghan 276 

Edenderry 192 10 

Fenbane 258 

Killeagh 5 5 

King's County, general 265 15 

Kinnitty 9 

Philipstown 186 

Rhode 292 

Tullamore 2,154 10 

4,248 10 



729 



Carried forward, 



£669,090 6 7 



IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 



93 



s. d. £ s, d. 

669,090 6 7 



Brought forward, 
Leitrim — 

Aughawilliam 147 10 

Ballinamore 322 10 

Carrick-on-Shannon 302 10 

Carrigallen 135 

Cloone 126 

Dromard 99 

Drumkeerin 223 10 

Drumshambo 250 

Drumsna 49 10 

Glenfarne 130 10 

Killeenummery 41 

Kiltoghert 452 

Leitrim 353 

Leitrim County, general 110 

Manorhamilton 108 

Ruskey 103 

Tullaghan 90 

Limerick — 

Abbeyfeale 

Ballingarry 

Ballybricken 

Ballylanders 

Cahirconlish 

Drumcollogher 

Granagh 

Herbertstown 

Kilmallock 

Knocklong 

Limerickji 

MountcoUins 

Newcastlewest 

O'Brien's Bridge 

O'Callaghan's Mills 

Oola 



Carried forward, £8,958 13 4 £672,133 6 7 



298 10 


- 3.043 



130 







25 







686 10 







100 







146 







25 







1,119 17 







266 







35 







5,572 6 


4 




70 







259 10 







10 







100 







115 








94 IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 

£ s. d. £ s. d. 

Brought forward, 8.95S 13 4 672,133 6 7 
Limerick — (contd.) 

Pallasgreen 57 

Rathkeale 194 

Shanagolden 562 

Tournafulla 290 

10,061 13 4 

Longford — 

Abbeylara 45 

Aughnacliffe 294 

Ballinamuck 135 

Ballymahon 113 

Clonbroney 1,581 5 

Clonguish 63 

Drumlish 15 

Granard 465 

KiUoe 170 

Lanesboro' 314 18 3 

Legan 74 

Longford 1,256 17 1 

Newtownforbes 147 

Whitehall 185 

4,859 4 

Louth — 

Ardee 66 

Carlingford 44 

Carrickmullen 19 10 

Castlering 6 

Collon 66 

Drogheda 1,189 15 

Dundalk 1,849 5 

Dunlcer 126 

Louth County, general 56 

3,422 10 

Mayo — 

Achill 196 10 

Aghamore 91 

Carried forward, £287 10 £690,476 10 3 



IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 95 

£ s. d. £ s. d. 

Brought forward, 287 10 690,476 10 3 

Mayo — (contd.) 

Aghagower 158 

Ballina 754 10 

Ballindine 45 

Ballinrobe 498 

Ballyhaunis 235 

Bangor 20 

Belmullet 87 10 

Carracastle 88* 

Castlebar 495 10 

Charleston 65 

Claremorris 127 10 

Cong 711 10 

Cross Cong 23 10 

CrossmoHna 102 4 9 

Foxford 237 

Glenhest 45 

Hollymount 6 

Islandeady 251 

Kilkelly 200 5 

Kilmeena 645 

Kiltimagh 201 10 

Louisburgh 469 

Mayo County, general 153 

Mulrany 16 

Newport 244 

Parteen 6 10 

Swinford 354 10 

Tourmakeady 341 12 

Westport 2,200 13 5 

9,069 15 2 

Meath — 

Bohermeen 70 

Dunshaughlin 105 

Kells 195 

Kilskyre 20 



Carried forward, £390 £699,546 5 5 



96 



IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 



1,713 1 



2,655 18 



£ s. d. £ s. d. 

Brought forward, 390 699,546 5 5 

Meath — (contd.) 

Meath County, general 635 1 

Navan 411 

Trim 277 

MONAGHAN — 

Ballybay 129 10 

Carrickmacross 237 10 

Castleblayney 130 

Clones 462 10 

Kilglass 78 10 

Monaghan 1,026 10 

Roslea 125 18 

Tydavnet 465 10 

Queen's County — 

Ballinakill 20 

Ballybrophy 9 

Borris-in-Ossory 177 

Clonaslee 60 

Mountmellick 624 5 

Mountrath 118 

Portarlington 204 5 

Rathdowney 235 10 

Stradbally 116 

Roscommon — 

Ballaghadereen 267 15 

Ballinalough 59 

Ballintubber 399 

Ballyfarnon 325 15 

Boyle 349 15 

Castlcrea 766 



1,564 



Carried forward. £2,167 5 £705,479 4 5 



IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 97 

£ s. d. £ s. d. 

Brought forward, 2,167 5 705,479 4 5 
Roscommon — (contd.) 

Elphin 387 

Kilcorkey 301 10 

Kilkeevin 396 10 

Knockcroghery 716 

Loughglynn 827 5 

Mantua 121 

Roscommon 1,519 

Strokestown 787 

7,222 10 

Sligo — 

Ballymote ' 789 

Easkey 16 

Enniscrone 52 5 

Gurteen 272 

Sligo County, general 2,234 

Tubbercurry 493 10 

3,856 15 

TiPPERARY — 

Annacarty 155 

Ardfinan 10 

Ballina 54 

Ballinahinch 15 

Ballingarry 137 5 

Ballybeg 4 

Bansha 327 

Boherlahan 344 10 

Cahir 327 10 

Cappawhite 140 

Cashel 859 5 

Clogheen 47 5 

Clonmel 482 

Clonoulty 77 

Cloughjordan 225 



Carried forward, £3,204 15 £716,558 9 5 



98 



IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 



£ s. d. £ s. d. 

Brought forward, 3,204 15 716,558" 9 5 
TipPERAR Y — ( contd. ) 

Donaskeigh 50 

Donohill 229 5 

Dundrum 50 

Emly 148 10 

Fethard 215 

Golden 57 10 

Goold's Cross 20S 

Kilcommon 100 

Knocknavilla 464 5 

Mullinahone 99 

Nenagh 1,514 14 

Newport 418 

Portroe, Nenagh 170 

Rossmore 112 

Templemore 436 7 6 

Thurles 1,282 15 

Tipperary 2,337 7 6 

Tyrone — 

Aughnacloy 108 

Ballinaderrig 25 

Coalisland 30 

Cookstown 45 

Clogher 48 4 

Dunamore 50 

Dungannon 437 10 

Moy 25 

Omagh 114 10 

Sion Mills 10 

Strabane 297 15 

Waterford — 

Aglish 286 15 

Ardmore and Grange 643 5 

Clashmore 237 15 



11,097 9 



1,190 19 



Carried forward. 



£1,167 15 £728,846 17 5 



IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 



99 



Wexford — 

Adamstown 

Ballycullane 

Ballygarrett and Riverchapel 

Ballywilliam 

Camolin 

Camross 



20 





98 10 





79 





37 





8 





39 10 






3,519 19 



£ s. d. £ s. d. 

Brought forward, 1,167 15 728,846 17 5 
Waterford — ( contd. ) 

Dungarvan 870 4 

Dunmore East 2 

Lismore 425 15 

Newtown 80 10 

Old Parish and Ring 340 10 

Stradbally 54 

Tallow 250 

Waterford 329 5 

Westmeath — 

Athlone 1,632 9 2 

Castlepollard 177 

Curraghboy 314 

Dangan 7 

Fore 288 

Glasson 85 

Kilbeggan 336 10 

Moate 297 

Mullingar 713 10 

Newtown, Moate 875 

Rochfortbridge 210 5 

Tang 57 

Tubberclair 14 

Westmeath County, general.... 330 5 



5,336 19 2 



Carried forward, £282 £737,703 15 7 



100 IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 

£ s. d. £ s. d. 

Brought forward, 282 737,703 15 7 

Wexford— ( contd. ) 

Enniscorthy 972 

Ferns 209 10 

Gorey 865 10 

Kiltealy 20 

New Ross 45 

Oylegate 26 8 

Wexford 895 

. 3,315 8 



WiCKLOW 

Arklow 321 

Bray 347 

Glendalough 7 10 

Rathdrum 10 

Wicklow County, general 482 11 10 



1,168 1 10 

742,187 5 5 
Relief distributed through Irish Republican Prison- 
ers' Dependents' Fund and other Societies. . . . 46,028 9 

£788,215 14 5 



IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 101 

APPENDIX E. 



IRISH WHITE CROSS SOCIETY. 



Reconstruction Commission. — Geographical Distribution of 
Amounts Sanctioned to 31st August, 1922. 



£ 

Antrim 1,850 

Carlow , 500 

Cavan 1,500 

Clare 27,500 

Cork 47,090 

Donegal 2,175 

Down 2,200 

Dublin 9,810 

Fermanagh 465 

Galway 18,345 

Kerry 43,625 

Kildare 600 

Kilkenny 500 

Leitrim 2,180 

Limerick 9,510 

Longford 2,700 

Louth 1,450 

Mayo 4,390 

Meath 1,100 

Roscommon 9,075 

Sligo 9,300 

Tipperary 36,431 

Tyrone 750 

Waterford 1,275 

Westmeath 4,692 

Wexford 4,050 



s. 


d. 































































































































































£243,063 



We certify that the foregoing figures have been extracted by 
us from the books of the Irish White Cross Society, and that they 
are correct. 

D. O'CONNOR & CO., 
Chartered Accountants, 
Auditors. 
13 Westmoreland Street, 
Dublin, 20th October, 1922. 



102 IRISH WHITE CROSS REPORT 



APPENDIX F. 



IRISH WHITE CROSS SOCIETY. 
Committee for Maintenance of Orphans. 



James H. Webb, Chairman 
Madam O'Rahilly, 
John O'Neill, 
Sean Nunan, 
Alderman Mrs. Clarke 
Mrs. Scott, Cork. 



► Hon. Treasurers. 



Secretary — Mrs. Ceannt. 



\ 



